论我国生物遗传资源的法律保护

发布时间：2018-02-09 13:14

本文关键词： 生物多样性公约遗传资源获取惠益分享立法　出处：《贵州大学》2008年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 我国是一个生物遗传资源丰富的国家,但是,由于立法的欠缺,我国正面临生物海盗现象的威胁。因此,制定一部关于生物遗传资源保护的法律迫在眉睫。自CBD生效以来,已经有50多个国家和地区制定了关于遗传资源的获取和惠益分享方面的法律。本文选取了若干具有代表性的地区和国家的立法进行比较分析,归纳出制定设计和安排,以期对我国的立法有所启示。第一章“生物遗传资源概述”。首先从《生物多样性公约》角度对生物遗传资源的概念作出界定并划分了生物遗传资源的范围。接着还对生物遗传资源的所有权作了划分,并论述了对生物遗传资源进行保护的法理学基础。第二章“生物遗传资源保护的国外立法实践”。论述了有关生物遗传资源保护的国际立法和目前世界上各个主要的生物遗传资源丰富的国家和发达国家的国内立法实践。其中《生物多样性公约》、《粮食和农业遗传资源国际条约》(ITPGR)是国际立法的典型代表。二者所确立的遗传资源的获取和惠益分享成为其它国际立法的核心议题。首先阐述了CBD的目标和原则,然后从五个方面论述了遗传资源的获取程序即可获取惠益分享的资源的范围、遗传资源的获取、共同协商、事先知情同意、惠益分享。其中,共同协商、事先知情同意、惠益分享成为其它国际和国家立法共同原则。《粮食和农业遗传资源国际条约》(ITPGR)部分,首先论述了农民权,然后又着重论述了获取和惠益分享多边系统,尤其是获取和惠益分享多边系统的设立及目的、范围、获取程序、惠益分享。哥斯达黎加的《生物多样性法》是目前世界上最为完备和详尽的实施CBD的国内法。本文主要从该法的目标、原则、范围、获取和惠益分享、事先知情同意与共同商定的角度进行了分析。本章最后还对上文所论述的国际和国家立法进行比较分析,包括四个方面:目标、适用范围、获取程序、惠益分享,由此分析现行的国际和国家立法对我国的启示。第三章“中国生物遗传资源保护的立法现状和缺陷”。首先介绍了我国关于生物由此资源保护的立法状况,通过与上述国家和国际立法的比较,指出中国现行立法的缺陷。已有的遗传资源保护和管理的法律法规体系尚不完善、管理体制不健全、缺乏与国际规则接轨的法律法规。第四章“构建我国的遗传资源保护法的设想”。首先介绍了遗传资源保护的模式选择,指出通过修改现行知识产权法律对遗传资源进行保护的不足,提出制定专门法进行保护的必要性。通过对上述的分析和总结,提出构建适合我国生物遗传资源保护法的制度设计。包括立法的目标、立法的指导原则、保护的范围、方式、遗传资源的获取方式、违反和处罚。
[Abstract]:China is a country rich in biological genetic resources, but due to the lack of legislation, our country is facing the threat of the phenomenon of biological piracy. Therefore, it is urgent to formulate a law on the protection of biological genetic resources. Since the entry into force of CBD, more than 50 countries and regions have enacted laws on access to genetic resources and benefit-sharing. Induces the formulation design and the arrangement, expects to have the enlightenment to our country's legislation. Chapter I, "Overview of biological genetic resources". The concept and scope of biological genetic resources are first defined and defined from the perspective of the Convention on Biological Diversity, followed by a division of ownership of biological genetic resources, It also discusses the legal basis for the protection of biological genetic resources. Chapter two, "the practice of foreign legislation on the protection of biological genetic resources", discusses the international legislation on the protection of biological genetic resources and the domestic legislation of the major biogenetic resources rich countries and developed countries in the world at present. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the International Treaty on genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGR) are typical representatives of international legislation. The access and benefit-sharing of genetic resources established by the two have become the core issues of other international legislations. The objectives and principles of CBD are first expounded, and then the scope of access to genetic resources, access to genetic resources, joint consultations, prior informed consent, and benefit-sharing are discussed from five aspects. Joint consultations, prior informed consent, and benefit-sharing as a common principle in other international and national legislation. The International Treaty on genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGR), which first deals with the rights of farmers, and then focuses on the establishment, purpose, scope and access procedures of the multilateral system on access and benefit-sharing, in particular the multilateral system on access and benefit-sharing, Benefit-sharing. The Biodiversity Act of Costa Rica is currently the most complete and detailed domestic law in the world for the implementation of CBD. This article focuses on the objectives, principles, scope, access and benefit-sharing of the Act. The perspective of prior informed consent and mutual agreement was analysed. At the end of this chapter, the author makes a comparative analysis of the international and national legislation discussed above, including four aspects: objectives, scope of application, access procedures, and benefit-sharing, thus analyzing the enlightenment of the existing international and national legislation to our country. Chapter three, "the current situation and defects of the legislation on the Protection of Biological genetic Resources in China". First of all, it introduces the legislative situation of China on the protection of biological resources from this point of view, and compares it with the national and international legislation mentioned above. The existing laws and regulations for the protection and management of genetic resources are not perfect, the management system is not perfect, and there is a lack of laws and regulations in line with international rules. Chapter 4th, "the idea of constructing the Protection Law of genetic Resources in China", firstly introduces the mode selection of genetic resources protection, and points out the deficiency of protecting genetic resources by modifying the existing intellectual property laws. The necessity of making special laws for protection is put forward. Through the above analysis and summary, this paper puts forward the system design suitable for the protection of biological genetic resources in our country, including the legislative objectives, the guiding principles of legislation, the scope and manner of protection, the way of obtaining genetic resources, the violation and punishment.
【学位授予单位】：贵州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.6;D996.9

【引证文献】