我国农村饮用水源保护法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 20:40

本文选题：水资源　切入点：饮用水源　出处：《中国政法大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 水,意味着生命、生存。长期以来,我国饮用水源保护立法侧重于对城市饮用水源的保护,城市饮用水问题并不是十分突出,在一定程度上可以说,我国饮用水源问题实际上是农村饮用水源问题,农村饮用水源保护不力严重威胁到我国广大农村居民的生命和健康,也影响到了农村的可持续发展。农村饮用水源保护法律制度是指为保障农村群众的饮水安全,由国家制定的调整在农村饮用水源保护中各种社会关系的法律规范所组成的相对完整的规则系统。在此种情况下,完善农村饮用水源保护法律制度不可避免的被关注。完善我国农村饮用水源保护法律制度需要了解我国农村饮用水源问题产生的原因,我国现行饮用水源保护法律制度存在缺陷是导致我国农村饮用水源保护不力的主要原因。所以,查找我国现行饮用水源保护法律制度存在的问题,分析其问题产生的原因,才能有针对性的完善我国农村饮用水源保护法律制度。我国虽然建立了饮用水源保护法律体系,但在整体上存在法律数量少、层次低、忽视农村饮用水源保护;在具体制度上存在农村面源污染防治措施供给不足,对农村饮用水源自然污染防治存在空白,农村分散式饮用水源缺乏有效监管,农村地下饮用水源法律调控空白,环境保护管理体制不利于农村饮用水源保护,相关饮用水源保护法律制度不适应农村饮用水源保护等问题。分析我国饮用水源保护法律制度问题的原因,是长期以来我国饮用水源立法理念偏失、立法缺乏科学、民主性。我国饮用水源立法建立在“城市利益中心”之上,没有考虑到我国城乡饮用水源的实际情况且缺乏农村群众的积极参与,其结果必然是农村饮用水源保护因缺乏有效的法律保护手段而日益严峻。认识到我国饮用水源保护法律制度存在问题及产生问题的原因之后,在对以色列、美国、德国饮用水源保护法律制度先进经验进行适当借鉴的基础上,提出完善和创新我国农村饮用水源保护法律制度的建议。完善我国农村饮用水源保护法律制度必须树立“城乡统筹”的立法理念,在我国农村饮用水源保护法律体系方面,提出扩展我国农村饮用水源保护的法律渊源,制定完善相应的法律法规。在具体制度建设上,完善农村饮用水源保护区法律制度,创新农村分散式饮用水源点保护制度,完善农村饮用水源水质、水量保障制度及其配套制度,完善农村饮用水源应急预警制度,建立农村饮用水源保护社区保护制度等。
[Abstract]:Water means life and survival. For a long time, our drinking water source protection legislation has focused on the protection of urban drinking water sources. The problem of urban drinking water is not very prominent. To a certain extent, it can be said, The problem of drinking water source in China is actually a problem of drinking water source in rural areas. The poor protection of drinking water sources in rural areas seriously threatens the lives and health of the vast number of rural residents in our country. It also affects the sustainable development of rural areas. The legal system of rural drinking water source protection refers to the protection of drinking water security for rural people. A relatively complete system of rules and regulations is made by the state to adjust the legal norms of various social relations in the protection of rural drinking water sources. In this case, the improvement of the legal system for the protection of drinking water resources in rural areas is inevitably concerned. To perfect the legal system of drinking water resources protection in rural areas, we need to understand the reasons for the problems of drinking water sources in rural areas. The defects in the current legal system of drinking water source protection in China are the main reasons leading to the weak protection of drinking water resources in rural areas. Therefore, the problems existing in the current drinking water source protection legal system of our country are investigated, and the causes of the problems are analyzed. In order to improve the legal system of drinking water source protection in rural areas, although our country has established the legal system of drinking water source protection, there is a small number of laws in the whole, low level, ignore the rural drinking water source protection; In the specific system, there are insufficient supply of non-point source pollution prevention measures in rural areas, gaps in the prevention and control of natural pollution of drinking water sources in rural areas, lack of effective supervision and control of decentralized drinking water sources in rural areas, and gaps in legal regulation and control of underground drinking water sources in rural areas. The environmental protection management system is unfavorable to the rural drinking water source protection, and the related legal system of drinking water source protection is not suitable for the rural drinking water source protection, etc. The reasons for the legal system problems of drinking water source protection in our country are analyzed. For a long time, the legislative concept of drinking water source in our country has been biased, and the legislation is lacking in science and democracy. The legislation of drinking water source in China is based on the "center of urban interests". Without considering the actual situation of drinking water sources in urban and rural areas and lacking the active participation of rural people, the result is that the protection of drinking water sources in rural areas is becoming increasingly serious because of the lack of effective legal protection means. Recognizing the problems and causes of the legal system for the protection of drinking water resources in China, and on the basis of appropriate reference to the advanced experiences of Israel, the United States and Germany in the legal system for the protection of drinking water resources, This paper puts forward some suggestions for perfecting and innovating the legal system of drinking water source protection in rural areas of our country. To perfect the legal system of drinking water source protection in rural areas, we must set up the legislative idea of "urban and rural overall planning", in the aspect of the legal system of drinking water source protection in rural areas, This paper proposes to expand the legal sources of drinking water source protection in rural areas of our country, to formulate and perfect the corresponding laws and regulations, to perfect the legal system of rural drinking water source protection areas and to innovate the decentralized drinking water source protection system in rural areas in the specific system construction. Improve the drinking water quality, water security system and its supporting system, improve the rural drinking water source emergency warning system, establish the rural drinking water source protection community protection system and so on.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.6

【引证文献】