论环境侵权中因果关系的认定

发布时间：2018-03-06 14:51

本文选题：环境侵权　切入点：因果关系　出处：《烟台大学》2008年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 在社会不断进步的同时,环境问题也频频出现在了人们的视野里,由于环境污染而患病甚至死亡的人数也在不断增加。但不幸的是,因果关系错综复杂,在认定过程中,人们往往因为因果关系难以认定,致使许多受害者无法运用法律手段维护自己的合法权益。盖然性学说、实事推定说、疫学因果关系说、T细胞研究说等分别从降低证明程度、运用科学技术等方式,为人们认定因果关系开拓了道路。在二战刚刚结束的几年,人们更关注的是经济的发展,而非环境对人体的影响。相应的,认定环境侵权中因果关系的方式也比较传统。但是,随着经济的发展,环境问题也越来越严重。从日本的四大公害事件到印度的博帕尔惨案,人类经历了太多的痛苦。如何补救受害人的损失,认定污染者与损害之间存在因果关系也日益重要起来。认定因果关系的理论也逐渐丰富。例如,盖然性学说运用优势证据或事实推定理论,可以使受害者更容易的解决因果关系问题。同时,疫学因果说等进一步补充了上述理论。在美国,针对毒物侵害,学者们也相继提出了一些新的理论。如1事实表明原则,2证据优越性说,3流行病研究理论,4特别证据理论,5 T细胞研究理论,6比例规则说。各种学说都有利于我们解决因果关系困境,及时维护受害人的合法利益。为我们司法实践带来了依据,值得我们学习采纳。
[Abstract]:As society progresses, environmental problems appear frequently in people's eyes, and the number of people suffering from or even dying from environmental pollution is increasing. Unfortunately, the causal relationship is so complicated that in the process of identification, People often find it difficult to identify causality, resulting in many victims unable to use legal means to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests. The theory of inevitability, the theory of factual presumption, the theory of epidemic causality, the theory of T cell research, and so on, respectively, reduce the level of proof. The use of science and technology has opened the way for people to identify causality. In the few years since the end of World War II, people were more concerned about economic development than the impact of the environment on the human body. The way to determine causality in environmental tort is also more traditional. However, with the development of the economy, environmental problems are becoming more and more serious. From the four major pollution incidents in Japan to the Bhopal tragedy in India, Human beings have gone through too much pain. It is also increasingly important to find a causal link between the polluter and the damage, and how to remedy the victim's loss. The theory of causal relationship is also becoming more and more abundant. For example, The theory of inevitability can make it easier for victims to solve the problem of causality by using evidence of superiority or theory of presumption of fact. At the same time, the theory is further supplemented by the theory of epidemic causality. Scholars have also put forward some new theories one after another. For example, the facts show the principle and the superiority of evidence. The theory of special evidence, the theory of special evidence, the theory of T cell research and the theory of proportion rule. All kinds of theories are in favor of us. They solve the problem of causation, Protecting the legitimate interests of the victims in time brings the basis for our judicial practice and is worthy of our study and adoption.
【学位授予单位】：烟台大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D912.6

【引证文献】