中国判断木材非法采伐的法律依据研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 16:20

本文选题：非法采伐　切入点：林业法律　出处：《中国林业科学研究院》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自21世纪以来,木材非法采伐及相关贸易问题成为世界可持续发展面临的一个热点、敏感问题。“非法采伐”问题是伴随着林业全球化进程不断推进而日益显现出来。林业规则的全球化、林业生产的全球化、林业投资的全球化、林产品贸易的全球化使非法采伐问题成为国际社会共同关心的林业热点问题;林业在应对气候变化中的作用推动了国际社会对“非法采伐”问题的关注。西方国家认为非法采伐导致了森林破坏和生态退化,打击了依赖森林为生的社区生计,阻碍了国家和地区的可持续发展,削弱了人们遵守法律法规的意识,损害了国家与国际社会的安全,“非法采伐”产生的相关贸易已经影响到国际正常的木材贸易,西方国家以“非法采伐”这些影响为理由,相继修订或出台法案,打击非法采伐。其根本原因是设置林产品贸易壁垒,保护本国林产工业,占领国际林产品市场,控制林产工业的原材料。本文分析了非法采伐问题的原因,在全面了解中国林业管理体系和我国林业相关法律法规基础上,确定了《中华人民共和国森林法》、《中华人民共和国森林法实施条例》、《中华人民共和国刑法》、《最高人民法院关于审理破坏森林资源刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》、《森林采伐更新管理办法》、《中华人民共和国自然保护区条例》、《育林基金征收使用管理办法》、《森林植被恢复费征收使用管理暂行办法》、《中华人民共和国植物检疫条例》、《最高人民法院关于审理破坏林地资源刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》、《松材线虫病疫木加工板材定点加工企业审批管理办法》为判断我国木材非法采伐的11部主要法律依据;和以盗伐、滥伐和超过木材生产计划为主要非法采伐形式的26项具体指标。在总结了国内外文献中关于“非法采伐”内涵理解情况下,对“非法采伐”的含义进行了界定,从正面来回答了什么样的具体行为是非法采伐,目的是建立一个可以操作的技术指标。中国木材在林木采伐许可证、木材运输许可证、木材加工许可证三证管理体系下,基本能够保证国产木材的合法性;林木在采伐、运输、加工环节证件齐全,合法有效就可以判定木材没有违反非法采伐的判断依据。盗伐和滥伐森林和林木,对有重要生态保护价值及其生态脆弱地区森林的采伐,超过木材生产计划采伐森林、林木,非法采伐、毁坏珍贵树木,擅自改变林地用途,在自然保护区进行砍伐,非法批准征用、占用林地,未经批准擅自将防护林和特种用途林改变为其他林种9项指标是判定非法采伐的主要指标;在我国完善的林业法律体系、健全的林业管理体系下控制好这9种非法采伐行为就基本能够保证我国木材的合法性。本研究主要创新为:非法采伐问题是近年来国际上有关森林问题的新兴热点议题,在国内研究较少,本研究是第一次正面整理林业法律法规,系统的回答违背什么样的法律条款可以被认定为非法采伐,对应对非法采伐问题,及今后对该问题的研究有一定的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Since twenty-first Century, illegal logging and related trade issues become a hot topic in the sustainable development of the world, facing sensitive issues. Illegal logging problems are associated with the forestry globalization advancement and emerging. Forestry rules of globalization, the globalization of production of forestry, forestry investment globalization, globalization makes illegal trade in forest products cutting problems become the hot issues of forestry common concern of the international community; the role of forestry in response to climate change to promote the international attention on illegal logging problems. Western countries believe that illegal logging caused the destruction of the forest and ecological degradation, hit the livelihoods of forest dependent communities, hindering the sustainable development of countries and regions that weakened people abide by the laws and regulations of consciousness, damage to the national and international social security, illegal logging production phase Trade has affected the normal international timber trade, the western countries to "illegal logging" as the reason for these effects have been revised, or the introduction of legislation to combat illegal logging. The fundamental reason is that trade barriers to protect domestic forest products, forest products industry, forest products occupy the international market, the control of raw materials of forestry industry.
This paper analyzes the causes of the problem of illegal logging, in a comprehensive understanding of China forestry management system of forestry in China and relevant laws and regulations on the basis of the "People's Republic of China Forest Law > >, < the implementation of the People's Republic of China forest law, the criminal law of People's Republic of China < >, < > interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on the destruction of forest resources in criminal cases of specific application of law the problem of forest harvesting management measures, < update > > < People's Republic of China natural protection zone Ordinance," afforestation fund collection and use of management measures "," forest vegetation recovery fees Interim Measures for the collection and use of Management >, < < > People's Republic of China plant quarantine regulations, explanations of the Supreme People's Court on the destruction of forest resources in criminal cases of specific application of law the problem, "management measures for the examination and approval of pine wood nematode processing board designated processing enterprises in China > to judge the wood The material of illegal logging 11 major legal basis; and to illegal logging, deforestation and timber production plan for more than 26 specific indicators. In the form of illegal logging mainly summarizes the domestic and foreign literature about the understanding of the connotation of illegal logging cases of illegal logging of the meaning of the definition, from the front to answer what is the specific behavior of illegal logging, the purpose is to establish an operational technical index. Chinese wood in the forest felling permit, timber transport permits, certificates of wood processing license management system, to ensure the legitimacy of the basic domestic wood in the forest; harvesting, transportation, processing documents are complete, legitimate we can determine the effective judgment against illegal logging without wood.
Illegal logging and deforestation and forest, the important ecological protection value and ecological fragile areas of forest harvesting, more than timber production plan, deforestation, forest, illegal logging, destruction of precious trees, unauthorized change of land use, were cut down in the nature reserve, illegal requisition, unauthorized occupation of forest land, the shelter forest and the special use forest change for other forest 9 indicators is to determine the main indicators of illegal logging; in the forestry legal system of our country to improve and perfect the management system of forestry, under the control of the 9 kinds of illegal logging behavior can ensure the legitimacy of China's wood.
The main innovation of this study: the problem of illegal logging in recent years is the international forest related issues emerging hot topics, in the domestic research, this study is the first to face finished forestry laws and regulations, violation of the law system to answer what terms can be identified as illegal logging, to deal with the problem of illegal logging, have certain reference the significance and future research on this problem.

【学位授予单位】：中国林业科学研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.63;D924.3;F326.2

【参考文献】