我国无居民海岛使用权流转法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 14:45

本文选题：无居民海岛　切入点：无居民海岛使用权流转　出处：《中国海洋大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：社会的不断进步和科技的不断创新扩大了人们可支配的范围，从陆地、海洋、到太空，都有人类活动的足迹。21世纪是海洋的世纪，，随着全球海洋经济的迅猛发展，世界各国都将发展的战略重点转移到海洋，旨在保护海洋环境、控制海洋空间、争夺海洋丰富资源，以满足经济社会发展对海洋利用提出的要求。就我国实际情况而言，海洋经济发展和陆域资源的日益匮乏，向外海拓展发展空间是必然的，而海岛作为海洋的重要组成部分，是海洋经济向外海拓展的很好的一个支点。改革开放以来，有关无居民海岛政策的实施打破了原本封闭的自然状态，使无居民海岛的综合价值日益凸显，对无居民海岛的开发无疑是迎合了当下社会经济发展对资源、空间的要求，成为新世纪海洋开发战略中的新热点。无居民海岛不仅具有经济价值,更重要的是某些无居民海岛具有保障海洋生态环境、维护主权和领土安全、划定专属经济区和科研等生态价值和社会价值。因此应当用更文明的方式对待海岛，在无居民海岛的开发利用中应明确认识无居民海岛的生态价值，用体现生态文明的要求。本文所讨论的无居民海岛是被划分为保护利用类和适度利用类的海岛。笔者认为，无居民海岛使用权是可以流转的，原因之一是无居民海岛的开发利用需要投入大量的资本，具有资本投入高、运作周期长、见效慢等特点，因而，允许使用权的流转是使用权人收回资本的一种有效途径。而目前我国现有法律体系中有关无居民海岛使用权流转的规定比较欠缺，没有统一的操作流程和流转文书格式，没有统一的管理机构，使用权人对流转认识模糊，政府没有提供正确有效的指引。无居民海岛使用权流转想要规范有序的进行，如若没有法律法规和相关制度的保障，就不能有效发挥流转应有的社会效应，并且不规范的流转必然会造成法律法规难以调整的局面。为保障无居民海岛使用权的流转，必须从我国国情出发，建立一套适用于我国无居民海岛的具有实际可操作性的流转制度。本文总共分为四个部分进行论述：第一部分是无居民海岛的概述。作为无居民海岛使用权的客体，有必要简单介绍一下无居民海岛的基本情况，包括国际、国内对无居民海岛概念的界定以及无居民海岛的生态特征和特殊用途。第二部分是关于无居民海岛使用权的论述。该部分的开始首先分析了无居民海岛使用权的概念。其次将使用权按照使用目的、使用金和保护级别的不同进行分类。随后讨论了无居民海岛使用权的性质，对权利的定性是为流转提供法律依据。最后介绍了使用权的取得方式。第三部分是论文的核心部分，探讨了使用权流转的基本问题。首先明确了本文所讨论的使用权流转市场的范围。其次是通过分析无居民海岛使用权与其它相关自然资源权利间的关系，力图从其它自然资源权利流转的实践中提取有益的经验为无居民海岛的流转提供借鉴。接下来是从现实原因、流转的现实意义、法规、政策等层面对使用权流转的可行性进行分析。第四部分是通过总结前文的分析所提出的关于无居民海岛使用权流转的完善建议。从论述使用权流转应当遵循的原则入手，进而展开讨论适用使用权流转的条件，包括适用流转的海岛类型、流转原因、流转双方当事人的条件。随后介绍了使用权流转的方式、审批机关严格审查、变更登记和流转的形式要件。本部分最后是无居民海岛的所有权人对流转的监管，以保障流转的合理、合法化。
[Abstract]:Continuous innovation and the progress of society and science and technology to expand the scope, people can control from land, sea, space, all human activity in the footsteps of.21 century is the century of the ocean, with the rapid development of the global ocean economy, the strategic focus of all countries in the world will be transferred to the development of the ocean, to protect the marine environment the control of marine space for marine resources. In order to meet the economic and social development of the proposed marine utilization requirements. On the actual situation in China, the development of marine economy and land scarcity of resources, expand the development space to the sea is inevitable, but the island is an important part of the ocean, marine economy to offshore development a very good point. Since the reform and opening up, the implementation of the policy of island residents broke the original closed state of nature, the comprehensive value of non residents of the island has become increasingly prominent, for non residents The development of the island is undoubtedly to meet the requirements of the social and economic development of the resources and space, and become a new hot spot in the new century's marine development strategy.
Non residents of the island not only has economic value, it is more important to some non residents of the island has the protection of the marine ecological environment, safeguarding sovereignty and territorial security, delimitation of the exclusive economic zone and the research of ecological value and social value. So we should use more civilized manner to the island, should be a clear understanding of the ecological value of uninhabited islands in the development and utilization of non residents of the island, reflects the requirements of ecological civilization.
Non residents of the island is discussed in this paper is divided into the protection and utilization and appropriate use of the island. The author believes that the right to use uninhabited islands can transfer, is one of the reasons for the development and utilization of islands with no residents need to invest large amounts of capital, with high capital investment, operation cycle is long, slow, etc. Therefore, to allow the transfer of the right to use is an effective way to use right to recover the capital. And the current provisions on transfer of the right to use uninhabited islands of China's existing legal system is lack, there is no unified operation process and flow instrument of transfer format, no unified management mechanism, the right to use the transfer of the fuzzy understanding, the government did not provide effective guidance. The right to use uninhabited islands to transfer orderly conduct, if there is no relevant laws and regulations and the protection system can not effectively play the transfer agency It will inevitably lead to difficulties in adjusting laws and regulations. In order to guarantee the transfer of usufruct of uninhabited islands, we must set up a practical and feasible circulation system applicable to China's uninhabited islands based on China's national conditions.
This article is divided into four parts.
The first part is an overview of uninhabited islands. As the object of usufruct of uninhabited islands, it is necessary to briefly introduce the basic situation of uninhabited islands, including the definition of uninhabited islands in the world, and the ecological characteristics and special uses of uninhabited islands.
The second part is about the right to use uninhabited islands in this paper. This part firstly analyzes the concept of the right to use uninhabited islands. Secondly, use right in accordance with the purpose of use, different classification using gold and protection levels. Then discusses the nature of the right to use uninhabited islands, nature of the right is to provide a legal basis for transfer. Finally introduced the way to obtain the right to use.
The third part is the core part of this paper, discusses the basic problems of circulation of the right to use first clear the scope of this paper use right transfer market. Then through analyzing the relationship between the right to use uninhabited islands and other natural resources rights, from other natural resources to practice the transfer of rights to extract useful experience to provide reference for the transfer of non residents of the island. The following is from the practical reasons, practical significance, transfer regulations, policies and other aspects of the feasibility of the use right transfer are analyzed.
The fourth part is through the analysis of the foregoing summary of the uninhabited islands on the transfer of the right to use suggestions. Starting from the right to the use of this transfer should follow the principle, and then discusses the application of transfer of the right to use conditions, including the applicable transfer of island type transfer reasons, both parties transfer conditions. Then introduces the circulation the right way, the examination and approval authorities strict examination, formal requirements change of registration and transfer. The last part is non residents of the island ownership regulation of circulation, in order to ensure the transfer of the reasonable and legitimate.

【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.6;D923.2

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