我国海洋生态损害索赔主体法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-18 16:53

本文选题：海洋生态损害　切入点：索赔主体　出处：《大连海事大学》2008年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 海洋生态环境是人类赖以生存和发展的重要环境之一。随着人们征服自然能力的增强,享受高科技带来的种种便利之时,海洋生态环境污染给人类的生存和发展带来了长远而深重的危害。海洋生态环境污染具有污染源多、扩散面广、停留时间长、治理难度大等主要特点。除了自然原因外,海洋污染多由人类各种活动排放的污染物所造成。随着人口的急剧增长,工业、农业和交通运输业的飞跃发展,产生的污染物质越来越多。这些污染物质终日不断地进入大气、土地、河流和海洋,海洋成了蓄积污染物的最大仓库。污染物一旦进入海洋,除了依靠海洋本身的自净能力外,很难再转移到别处。海洋环境污染的日益严重,必然导致海洋环境污染损害赔偿纠纷也越来越多。但在实践中诸多的赔偿纠纷却因没有适格的诉讼主体,或是无力起诉、起诉不力,或是不敢起诉、不愿起诉,从而使海洋生态环境污染问题得不到及时的、有效的法律救济和保护。因此,明确海洋生态污染损害赔偿纠纷中原告主体资格是解决问题的关键。笔者首先简单的介绍了海洋生态损害索赔的概念及有关的国内外立法,以及我国目前的海洋生态损害索赔现状及分析,然后分析存在的主要问题—即行政机关代表国家索赔问题,说明目前行政机制对生态索赔的限制和问题。其次,分析了其他国家及地区海洋生态损害索赔现状,主要介绍其他国家如何解决索赔主体问题。再次,进行了海洋生态损害索赔主体的理论探讨,介绍了民事公益诉讼制度,把生态索赔纳入民事公益诉讼的范围。最后,介绍了海洋生态索赔中的行政机关的诉讼主体问题,分析了如何解决具体的诉讼主体问题,并建议建立完善的监督检查机制,以保证海洋生态诉讼的顺利进行。
[Abstract]:The marine ecological environment is one of the important environments on which human beings depend for their survival and development. With the enhancement of people's ability to conquer nature and to enjoy the convenience brought by high technology, The pollution of marine ecological environment brings long-term and serious harm to the survival and development of human beings. The pollution of marine ecological environment is characterized by many sources of pollution, wide diffusion, long residence time, difficult to manage, etc. In addition to natural causes, the pollution of marine ecological environment is characterized by many pollution sources. With the rapid growth of population and the rapid development of industry, agriculture and transportation, more and more pollutants are produced. These pollutants come into the atmosphere day after day. Land, rivers, and oceans are the largest storehouses of pollutants. Once they enter the ocean, it is difficult to move them elsewhere, in addition to their ability to purify themselves. The increasingly serious pollution of the marine environment will inevitably lead to more and more disputes over compensation for damages to the marine environment. Or not suing, not willing to sue, so that the marine ecological environment pollution problem can not be timely, effective legal relief and protection. Therefore, it is the key to solve the problem to clarify the plaintiff's subject qualification in the dispute of marine ecological pollution damage compensation. First of all, the author briefly introduces the concept of marine ecological damage claim and related legislation at home and abroad, as well as the current situation and analysis of marine ecological damage claims in China. Then it analyzes the main problems-that is, the problem of administrative organs claiming for compensation on behalf of the state, and explains the limitations and problems of the current administrative mechanism on ecological claims. Secondly, it analyzes the current situation of marine ecological damage claims in other countries and regions. This paper mainly introduces how other countries solve the problem of the main body of claim. Thirdly, it discusses the theory of the main body of marine ecological damage claim, introduces the civil public interest litigation system, and brings the ecological claim into the scope of civil public interest litigation. Finally, This paper introduces the litigation subject of the administrative organ in the marine ecological claim, analyzes on how to solve the specific litigation subject problem, and suggests to establish a perfect supervision and inspection mechanism in order to ensure the smooth progress of the marine ecological lawsuit.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.6

【引证文献】