我国废电池回收处理法立法研究

发布时间：2018-03-18 17:18

本文选题：废电池　切入点：回收处理　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济的发展和人们生活水平的不断提高,电池产品逐渐成为人们生活的必需品。废电池给人们的生活带来了便利,同时也带来了废电池这一新型的污染物。我国既是电池产品生产大国,也是使用大国。但是,我国废电池回收处理却一直处于无序状态,废电池不仅污染环境,而且废电池中含有有色金属,废电池可观的潜在价值得不到利用,是资源的浪费。通过专门立法,建立完善的废旧电池回收处理体系,使废电池回收处理能够有法可依,真正达到保护和改善环境的目的,实现可持续发展,真正使环境保护和经济发展达到和谐统一。废电池回收处理立法的完善与否,其效果将影响到我国电池产品的国际贸易。具有前瞻性的废电池回收处理法律,不仅可以成为建设环境友好型资源节约型社会的重要制度保障,而且是我国电池产品突破绿色贸易壁垒,顺利参与国际市场竞争的保障,是我国应对新时期国际竞争的需要。所以,制定废电池回收处理的专门立法势在必行。本文在查阅大量国内外有关废电池回收处理法研究资料的基础上对废电池回收处理专门立法进行了研究。指出了造成我国目前废电池回收率低及回收处理体系不健全的主要原因是:我国相关的法律制度不完善;有关宣传教育不足,回收箱设置存在问题;回收承担主体缺失;回收处理主体缺失。认为美、德、日等发达国家废电池回收处理法律制度值得我国在立法中参考借鉴,应对措施主要有:健全的法律保障体系;完善的管理体制;广泛的公众参与;不同主体不同责任等。论文剖析了我国废电池回收处理的立法状况,着重探讨了我国立法中关于废电池回收处理法律、政策及标准,指出我国现有法律在废电池回收处理方面的不足之处在于:相关法律法规零散,缺乏系统性;原则性强,缺乏可操作性;执法管理机构权责不明,末端管理弊病多;缺乏政府政策扶持制度。最后,笔者对我国废电池回收处理专门立法进行了框架设计。首先分析了我国废电池回收处理专门立法存在的必要性及可行性,并以可持续发展理论、环境权和循环经济理论作为废电池回收处理法律制度的理论基础,论述了我国废电池回收处理专门立法的立法的基本原则,即绿色设计原则、循环再利用原则、公众参与原则、污染者付费原则;重点阐述了我国废电池回收处理专门立法中的环境治理税制度、抵押金制度、财政补贴制度、技术研发投资制度、税收优惠制度、行政许可制度、行政奖励制度、明确具体的处罚制度等。此外,还讨论了与专门法相关的法律措施,主要涉及法律颁布后的监督执行,其它相关法律法规的合理调整;废电池回收箱数量增加及其设置的改进,通过媒体宣传,增强群众的回收意识等方面。
[Abstract]:With the development of our country's economy and the improvement of people's living standard, battery products have gradually become the necessities of people's life. At the same time, it also brings the waste battery as a new pollutant. China is not only a country producing battery products, but also a large country using battery. However, the recycling of waste batteries in China has been in a state of disorder, which not only pollutes the environment, but also pollutes the environment. Moreover, waste batteries contain non-ferrous metals, and the considerable potential value of waste batteries is not utilized, which is a waste of resources. Through special legislation, a sound recovery and treatment system for waste batteries can be established so that the recovery and treatment of waste batteries can be handled in accordance with the law. To achieve the goal of protecting and improving the environment, to realize sustainable development, to make the environmental protection and economic development harmonious and unified. The effect will affect the international trade of battery products in our country. The law of recycling and disposal of waste batteries, which is forward-looking, can not only become an important institutional guarantee for the construction of an environment-friendly and resource-saving society. Moreover, it is the guarantee for our country to break through the green trade barrier and participate in the international market competition smoothly, which is the need of our country to deal with the international competition in the new period. Therefore, it is imperative to formulate the special legislation for the recovery and treatment of waste batteries. On the basis of consulting a large number of domestic and international research data on waste battery recovery and treatment method, the special legislation of waste battery recovery and treatment is studied in this paper. It is pointed out that the recovery rate of waste battery is low in our country and the recovery treatment system is also pointed out. The main reasons of unsoundness are: the relevant legal system of our country is not perfect; The lack of publicity and education, the problems in the setting of recycling containers, the lack of the main body of recovery and disposal, the lack of the main body of recycling, the conclusion that the legal system of recycling of waste batteries in developed countries such as the United States, Germany, Japan and other developed countries is worthy of our country's reference in legislation. The main countermeasures are: sound legal protection system; perfect management system; extensive public participation; different subjects and different responsibilities. This paper mainly discusses the laws, policies and standards of recycling and disposal of waste batteries in our country's legislation, and points out that the shortcomings of the existing laws and regulations of our country lie in the following aspects: scattered laws and regulations, lack of systematicness, strong principle, strong principle, and so on. Lack of maneuverability; the power and responsibility of law enforcement management agencies are not clear, end management defects are many; lack of government policy support system. Finally, The author has carried on the frame design to our country waste battery recovery and treatment special legislation. Firstly, the necessity and feasibility of our country waste battery recovery and treatment special legislation are analyzed, and the sustainable development theory is used to analyze the necessity and feasibility of the special legislation. As the theoretical basis of the legal system of recycling and treatment of waste batteries, the environmental rights and the theory of recycling economy are discussed in this paper. The basic principles of the legislation of the special legislation on recycling and treatment of waste batteries in China are discussed, which are the principle of green design, the principle of recycling and reuse, and the principle of public participation. The environmental tax system, mortgage system, financial subsidy system, technology R & D investment system, tax preferential system, administrative license system, etc. In addition, it also discusses the legal measures related to the special law, mainly involving the supervision and implementation after the promulgation of the law, and the reasonable adjustment of other relevant laws and regulations; The number of waste battery recycling boxes increased and their settings improved, through media publicity, to enhance the people's awareness of recycling, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.6

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