论我国环境民事公益诉讼体制的构建

发布时间：2018-03-25 03:24

本文选题：诉讼　切入点：环境侵权　出处：《华东政法大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 现代法治社会条件下调动广大公众等私权主体参与维护公共环境权是巩固环境保护成果、促进公众环境权益的根本途径。在此基础上探索可行的环境民事公益诉讼体制是解决我国日趋严重的环境污染问题的重要思路之一。本文试图从经济法、环境法、诉讼法的视角并辅以法经济学角度来分析问题,运用系统的、历史的、比较的方法对相关论题进行论证。首先,文章分析了我国环境民事公益诉讼的理论基础,从环境问题、公共环境问题以及环境与人的交互关系、环境公益权的性质方面来论述公众与环境的不可分割性,强调公众环境权与环境维护的有机统一、环境公益权主体和诉权主体是一脉相承的逻辑体。其次,本文以环境、公共环境保护、环境保护制度体系为切入点,指出我国目前趋于传统的单轨制环保模式不能很好地适应当代社会利益多元化、角色社会化、权义一体化背景下环境保护的要求,剖析了我国目前环境保护的无力状况及其深层原因,表明探索多样化的环保模式具有现实意义。再次,本文从环境民事公益诉讼的基本性质入手,主张“任何人”(检察机关、非国家机关法人、其他组织、公民),为保护环境公益,当其认为公共环境权益受到各个私权主体直接与间接的损害或有损害之虞时,以自己的名义代表国家或社会公众以环境侵害、破坏行为主体为被告向法院提起诉讼,请求判令停止正在或可能发生的环境损害行为,请求恢复原状或赔偿已经造成的环境损害。根据起诉主体的身份,本文将环境民事公益诉讼分为普通环境民事公益诉讼和特殊环境民事公益诉讼(环境民事公诉)两大类。文章分析了环境民事公益诉讼在“起诉主体,受益主体,救济内容,诉讼目的”方面与传统环境民事私益诉讼模式之间的差异。在剖析为环境公益而诉讼的尝试性案例的基础上,指出建立真正的环境公益诉讼还存在着法律制度层面的障碍,并就建立相对独立的环境民事公益诉讼制度的必要性、可行性进行了论证。最后,在进行相关法理铺垫和实践案例剖析的基础上,本文从我国环境民事公益诉讼的立法形式、诉讼原告资格研究(其中,重点对人民检察院作为公益诉讼原告进行了论述)、诉讼时效、滥诉防止、诉讼费用、法院管辖、调解制度、合议制和人民陪审员制度、责任承担等方面展开论述,希望对构建适合我国国情的环境民事公益诉讼制度有所裨益。
[Abstract]:Under the condition of modern society ruled by law, it is to consolidate the achievements of environmental protection to mobilize the public and other private right subjects to participate in the maintenance of public environmental rights. On the basis of this, it is one of the important ways to solve the problem of environmental pollution in China to explore a feasible system of environmental civil public interest litigation. This paper attempts to solve the problem of environmental pollution from the economic law, environmental law, environmental law, environmental law, environmental law, environmental law, environmental law, environmental law and environmental law. The angle of view of procedural law and the angle of law and economics are used to analyze the problems, and to demonstrate the relevant issues by systematic, historical and comparative methods. First of all, the paper analyzes the theoretical basis of environmental civil public interest litigation in China, and discusses the indivisibility of public and environment from the aspects of environmental problems, public environmental problems, the interaction between environment and human beings, and the nature of environmental public welfare right. It emphasizes the organic unity of public environmental right and environmental maintenance, and the subject of environmental public right and litigation right is a logical body. Secondly, with the environment, public environmental protection and environmental protection system as the breakthrough point, this paper points out that the traditional monorail environmental protection mode in our country can not adapt to the diversification of social interests and the socialization of roles. The requirements of environmental protection under the background of integration of rights and meanings are analyzed, and the weakness of environmental protection in China and its deep reasons are analyzed, which indicates that it is of practical significance to explore diversified environmental protection models. Thirdly, this article starts with the basic nature of the environmental civil public interest litigation, and advocates that "anyone" (procuratorial organ, non-state legal person, other organizations, citizens), in order to protect the environmental public welfare, When they think that the public environmental rights and interests are directly and indirectly damaged by each private right subject or are in danger of being harmed, they take the environmental infringement on behalf of the state or the public in their own name and bring a lawsuit to the court on behalf of the state or the public as the defendant. Requesting an order to cease an act of environmental damage that is or is likely to occur, requesting restitution or compensation for the environmental damage already caused... in accordance with the status of the subject of the prosecution, This paper divides the environmental civil public interest litigation into two categories: ordinary environmental civil public interest litigation and special environmental civil public interest litigation (environmental civil public interest litigation). The difference between the purpose of litigation and the traditional mode of environmental civil private interest litigation. On the basis of analyzing the trial cases of litigation for the environmental public good, the author points out that there are still obstacles in the legal system for the establishment of the real environmental public interest litigation. The necessity and feasibility of establishing a relatively independent environmental civil public interest litigation system are also discussed. Finally, based on the analysis of relevant jurisprudence and practical cases, this paper studies the legislative form of environmental civil public interest litigation in China, the plaintiff's qualification of litigation (among them, Focusing on the people's Procuratorate as the plaintiff of public interest litigation, such as: limitation of action, prevention of excessive action, litigation expenses, court jurisdiction, mediation system, collegial system, people's jury system, responsibility, etc. It is hoped that it will benefit the construction of environmental civil public interest litigation system suitable for China's national conditions.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D925.1;D922.68

【引证文献】