节能减排公众参与机制研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 18:25

本文选题：节能减排　切入点：公众参与　出处：《山东科技大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前,我国节能减排任务艰巨,节能减排形势依然严峻。面对节能减排的重任,世界各国努力采取多种手段和措施,比如政府行政手段、经济激励手段以及其他手段等,来开展节能减排工作。考察国外节能减排的做法,公众参与是其中的重要手段之一。公众参与节能减排是指公众有权利参与到节能减排决策中、获得节能减排相关的环境信息、监督政府、企业、单位和个人的节能减排行为,以及在知情权、参与权和监督权得不到保障时有权得到法律的救济。借鉴国外经验并结合我国实际,我国节能减排公众参与机制的构建运用了行政手段、经济手段和法律手段,三种手段相互配合但又各有侧重。行政手段主要包括制定质量标准、制定排污标准、推行环境标志制度、环境影响评价制度、三同时制度、限期治理制度等,缘于我国公众对政府权威的崇拜、对政府的依赖性和一贯的服从心理,行政手段在我国节能减排工作中具有独特优势。经济手段较行政手段更加灵活,经济手段激励作用的本质在于通过物质利益诱惑调整各行为主体之间关系,调节行为主体的行为方式。发达国家在促进公众参与上多是采用税收优惠、财政补贴、抵押贷款、减排基金等手段,多种手段结合使用,收到了很好的节能减排效果。但我国现有的经济手段在促进公众参与上还存在诸多缺陷,比如手段单一、调控范围窄、调控力度小、对于中小企业以及家庭、个人的节能减排行为关注不够等,这些缺陷阻碍了经济手段发挥作用。另外,法律是对公众参与最有效的保障,考察西方国家的公众参与立法,环境法规完备,体系结构完整。从宪法到单行法规对公众参与都给予不同程度的规定,法律结构涵盖了信息权、参与权与救济权三大方面的立法内容。目前我国的立法体系对于节能减排的立法不多,对公众参与的立法更是少的可怜,因此迫切需要法律.对公众参与的程序、途径、范围等内容以及公众诉诸法律的权利作出详细、具体、可操作的规定,从立法和司法上对公众参与节能减排的行为给与保障。
[Abstract]:At present, the task of energy saving and emission reduction in our country is arduous, and the situation of energy saving and emission reduction is still grim. Facing the heavy task of energy saving and emission reduction, countries all over the world strive to adopt various means and measures, such as government administrative means, economic incentives and other means, etc. Public participation in energy conservation and emission reduction means that the public has the right to participate in the decision-making of energy conservation and emission reduction, and to obtain environmental information related to energy conservation and emission reduction. To supervise the actions of government, enterprises, units and individuals to save energy and reduce emissions, and to obtain legal relief when the right to know, participation and supervision are not guaranteed. The construction of public participation mechanism of energy saving and emission reduction in China uses administrative means, economic means and legal means. Administrative means mainly include formulating quality standards, formulating discharge standards, implementing environmental marking system, environmental impact assessment system, three simultaneous systems, and deadline control system, etc., due to the adoration of government authority by the public in our country. Relying on the government and consistently serving the mentality, administrative means have unique advantages in the work of energy conservation and emission reduction in China. Economic means are more flexible than administrative means. The essence of economic incentives is to adjust the relationship between the actors through the temptation of material interests, and to adjust the behavior of the actors. In promoting public participation, developed countries mostly adopt tax preferences, financial subsidies, mortgage loans. A combination of various means, such as the emission reduction fund, has received very good results in energy conservation and emission reduction. However, the existing economic means in China still have many shortcomings in promoting public participation, such as the single means, the narrow scope of regulation and control, and the small intensity of regulation and control. For small and medium-sized enterprises and families, the lack of attention to energy conservation and emission reduction by individuals hinders the role of economic instruments. In addition, the law is the most effective safeguard for public participation, examining public participation legislation in Western countries. Environmental laws and regulations are complete and the system is complete. From the Constitution to the separate regulations, the public participation is regulated to varying degrees, and the legal structure covers the right to information. At present, there is not much legislation on energy saving and emission reduction in the legislative system of our country, and the legislation on public participation is even less. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the law, the procedure and the way for public participation. The scope and the public's right of access to law provide detailed, specific and operational provisions to protect public participation in energy conservation and emission reduction in legislation and judicature.
【学位授予单位】：山东科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.6

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