地质灾害危险性评估法律制度探析

发布时间：2018-03-28 15:26

本文选题：地质灾害　切入点：地质灾害危险性评估　出处：《福州大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】：为实现防灾减灾的目的，在“预防为主、避让与治理相结合”的地质灾害防治原则指导下，建立了地质灾害危险性评估法律制度。如今，这项制度实施已经十年，在取得一定成效的同时，也暴露出不少的问题和缺陷，使得写作本文成为必要。第一部分对地质灾害危险性评估法律制度的产生过程及其所包含的内容做了较为详细的介绍。地质灾害危险性评估法律制度建立时间晚，，发展历程短，现处于发展过程之中，远未达到成熟的状态。因为建立时间晚，所以很少有人对它进行研究，因为其发展历程短，所以其内容还须充实与完善。第二部分在指出地质灾害危险性评估法律制度运行中出现诸多问题的基础上，分析造成这些问题的原因，从查找问题产生的根源入手来论证制度设计上的缺陷和不足。由于制度设计的缺陷，受到危险性评估范围的限制，某些本应该进行评估的项目没有得到评估，从而缺少相应的防治措施，当相关主管部门的日常管理工作不足以弥补这些缺陷时，灾害的发生便不可避免；与此相反的是，一些项目却被重复评估，项目用地土地适宜性被反复多次评价，造成了不必要的浪费。评估单位对评估结果负责流于形式，导致评估责任主体花钱买报告，评估单位收钱出报告，评估报告在用地审批手续办理完成之后便形同废纸。未建立地质灾害危险性评估专业人员执业制度及缺少评估收费标准等等问题的存在，不利于先进评估技术的应用和发展，不利于创新性评估理论的产生，阻碍了危险性评估制度健康运行和发展。第三部分针对第二部分分析过的问题，提出具体的解决措施。修改和补充有关法律规定以解决评估不足和重复评估的问题；废除不利于评估单位承担责任的有关规定，将评估单位对评估结果负责具体化，设立地质灾害危险性评估赔偿系数来计算赔偿责任份额，以落实评估单位非故意情况下评估结果不合格致损时应当承担的赔偿责任；建立注册地质灾害评估师执业制度以提高和保证从业人员专业素质；建立评估收费标准以规范评估费用的收取。最后，本文得出结论，地质灾害危险性评估制度的完善一方面要对已经规定的不当条款修改、补充、删除，另一方面要增加新的内容以充实那些对评估制度来说必须但还空白的部分。地质灾害危险性评估工作只有在良好的评估制度保证下，才能更好地实现评估目的，促进经济和社会的可持续发展。
[Abstract]:In order to achieve the aim of disaster prevention and mitigation , the legal system of geological disaster risk assessment has been established under the guidance of the principle of prevention and control of geological disasters . Now , the system has been implemented for 10 years . At the same time , it has exposed a lot of problems and defects , making it necessary to write this paper .

The first part introduces the production process of the legal system of geological disaster risk assessment and the content contained in it . The establishment of the legal system of geological disaster risk assessment is too late , the development course is short , it is still in the development process , it is far from reaching the mature state . Because of the late establishment time , few have studied it , because the development course is short , so its contents must be enriched and perfect .

In the second part , the causes of these problems are analyzed based on the analysis of the problems in the operation of the legal system of geological disaster risk assessment .
In contrast , some projects are repeatedly evaluated , and the suitability of the land suitability of the project land is repeatedly evaluated , resulting in unnecessary waste .

The third part , aiming at the problem of the second part , puts forward concrete measures to solve the problem of insufficient evaluation and repeated assessment by amending and supplementing relevant laws ;
Abolish the relevant regulations which are not conducive to the evaluation unit ' s liability , and the evaluation unit shall be responsible for the assessment results , and establish the compensation coefficient for hazard assessment of geological hazards to calculate the share of the liability for compensation , so as to implement the liability for compensation which should be borne by the evaluation unit when the assessment result is not acceptable ;
Establish the practice system of registered geological disaster assessment division to improve and guarantee the professional quality of practitioners ;
Establish an assessment fee standard to regulate the collection of assessment fees .

Finally , this paper concludes that the improvement of the risk assessment system of geological hazards should be revised , supplemented and deleted on the other hand . On the other hand , it is necessary to add new contents to enrich those parts which must be blank in the evaluation system .

【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.6

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