环境法律责任之违法性要件研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 18:10

本文选题：环境法律责任　切入点：忍受限度论　出处：《大连海事大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 环境法律责任的违法性要件研究,在环境法理论研究领域具有重要意义,而且对实践中近些年频繁出现的环境污染环境案件有现实的指导意义。一方面是补偿受害人的经济损失、保护环境和公众利益;另一方面是维持企业的正常运转、发展社会经济,如何在互相冲突的利益中作出法律调整,究竟需不需要行为的违法性作为行为人承担环境法律责任的要件是环境法学必须认真处理的重要问题。本文认为,无论是环境民事法律责任、环境行政法律责任还是环境刑事法律责任,均需要以行为人的行为违法作为构成要件:在环境民事法律责任方面,违法性不仅指违反法律、法规,更是指行为违反公序良俗,侵害了受害人的合法环境法益或者存在侵害危险,即在违法性判断上需采取“实质违法说”。在承担环境民事法律责任的方式上,除了要考虑受害人所受损害的程度外,也需要考虑行为人自身利益和其对社会经济发展的贡献等问题,在此基础上适当的借鉴国外的成熟法理和规则。在环境行政法律责任方面,认定违法性主要依据行为违反相关行政法律法规的明文规定,出现实际侵害结果只是违法性程度的认定标准,量的标准。在此条件下,违法性的含义主要指形式违法性。并且要重点考虑行为人根据违法的环境行政许可所实施的行为是否具有“违法性”。环境刑事法律责任中行政违法性是犯罪化的前置条件,没有行政上的违法性,就没有刑事上的违法性。在此条件下,违法性含义指形式违法性。环境犯罪具有行政从属性,作为环境犯罪构成要素之一的“违反……法律、法规”(一般违法),就与该行为总体上所违反的刑法规范(刑事违法),共同构成了环境犯罪具有的双重违法结构模式。
[Abstract]:The research on the illegal elements of environmental legal liability is of great significance in the field of environmental law theory research. On the one hand, it is to compensate the victims of economic losses, protect the environment and public interests; on the other hand, it is to maintain the normal operation of enterprises. To develop social economy, how to make legal adjustment in the conflict of interests, and whether the illegal behavior should be regarded as the important element for the actor to bear the environmental legal responsibility is an important problem which must be seriously dealt with in environmental law. This paper holds that, whether it is environmental civil legal liability, environmental administrative legal liability or environmental criminal legal liability, it is necessary to take the illegal behavior of the perpetrator as the constitutive requirement: in the aspect of environmental civil legal liability, Illegality not only refers to violations of laws and regulations, but also refers to acts that violate public order and good customs, infringe upon the legal interests of environmental law of the victims or are in danger of infringement. That is to say, in the judgment of illegality, "substantial illegality" should be adopted. In the way of assuming civil liability for the environment, in addition to considering the extent of the damage suffered by the victim, Also need to consider the actor's own interests and their contribution to the social and economic development, on this basis, on the basis of appropriate reference to foreign mature legal principles and rules. In environmental administrative legal liability, The determination of illegality is mainly based on the act violating the explicit provisions of the relevant administrative laws and regulations, and the actual result of the infringement is only the criterion of determining the degree of illegality and the standard of quantity. Under these conditions, The meaning of illegality mainly refers to the form illegality. It is also important to consider whether the behavior carried out by the perpetrator according to the illegal environmental administrative license has "illegality". In the environmental criminal law liability, the administrative illegality is the precondition for the criminalization. If there is no administrative illegality, there will be no criminal illegality. Under this condition, illegality means formal illegality. The general violation of laws and regulations, together with the criminal law norms (criminal offences) violated by this act in general, constitutes the dual illegal structure model of environmental crime.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D912.6

【引证文献】