“企业环境监督员”法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-09 07:32

本文选题：企业公害防止管理员　切入点：企业环境监督员　出处：《中国政法大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 日本的“企业公害防止管理员”制度要求在特定企业中选拔聘任“企业公害防止管理员”,他们经过专门的资格认证后,负责对本企业排放的污染物进行测定,对污染处理设施进行管理,并对测定的数据进行记录、整理并向有关的行政部门进行汇报。该项制度要求“公害防止管理员”必须是经过国家统一考试或培训并经过登记认证的专业人员,要求“特定工厂”必须依法配置相应的“企业公害防止管理员”并在内部建立“企业公害防止组织”专门负责企业的环境保护和污染防治工作。该制度施行三十多年来,起到了良好的成效,为日本从“公害列岛”到环境美好国度的转变起到了重要作用。在借鉴日本制度的基础上,我国正逐步建立并推广更符合中国国情的“企业环境监督员”制度,这一制度要求“对象企业”必须根据自身排污类型和排污量的不同设置“企业环境监督员”,专门负责本企业的环境保护和污染防治管理工作。该制度属于环境行政许可法律制度,其中也涉及国家职业资格证书制度。通过与我国现有环境保护法律制度的融合,该制度将成为我国一项新的环境法基本制度。同时,这一制度也是对企业承担环境保护社会责任要求的重要体现。与ISO14000环境管理体系标准制度和我国现行的企业环境管理体系等类似制度相比,“企业环境监督员”制度是通过国家法律制度的形式提高企业的环境保护社会责任,增强企业的污染防治能力,能够更快的在全国推广,该制度的运行也更加规范。同时,该制度也可以与上述两种类似的制度相互补充相互促进,更好的促进企业环境保护和污染防治工作的开展。该制度面临的一个不足是现有制度无法从根本上保证“Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类企业环境监督员”在执行职务时不受所在企业的不良影响,无法坚持执业的独立性,并且对于部分小型企业来说,设置“Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类企业环境监督员”的成本太高。解决方式是在大力推进“企业环境监督员”制度建设的同时,发展出一定规模的“Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类企业环境监督员”群体,并对现行制度进行修改,最终将“Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类企业环境监督员”发展成为独立于企业之外的中介组织。
[Abstract]:Japan's "enterprise pollution prevention administrator" system requires the selection and appointment of a "corporate pollution prevention administrator" in a particular enterprise. After being specially certified, they are responsible for the determination of pollutants emitted by the enterprise.Manage the pollution treatment facility, record the measured data and report to the relevant administrative department.The system requires that "hazard prevention administrators" must be professionals who have passed a unified national examination or training and have been registered and certified,It is required that the "specific factory" should allocate the corresponding "enterprise pollution prevention administrator" according to law, and set up the "enterprise pollution prevention organization" to be responsible for the environmental protection and pollution prevention work of the enterprise.The system has been implemented for more than 30 years and has played an important role in transforming Japan from a "public hazard island" to a country with a beautiful environment.On the basis of drawing lessons from the Japanese system, China is gradually establishing and popularizing the "Enterprise Environmental Supervisor" system, which is more in line with China's national conditions.This system requires the "target enterprise" to set up the "enterprise environmental supervisor" according to the type and quantity of its own sewage discharge, which is specially responsible for the environmental protection and pollution prevention and management of the enterprise.This system belongs to the legal system of environmental administrative licensing, which also involves the national professional qualification certificate system.By merging with the existing legal system of environmental protection in China, this system will become a new basic system of environmental law in China.At the same time, this system is also an important embodiment of the social responsibility for environmental protection.Compared with the standard system of ISO14000 environmental management system and the current enterprise environmental management system of our country, the "enterprise environmental supervisor" system is to improve the environmental protection social responsibility of the enterprise through the form of the national legal system.Enhance the pollution prevention and control ability of enterprises, can be popularized in the country more quickly, the operation of the system is also more standardized.At the same time, the system can complement each other with the above two similar systems and promote the environmental protection and pollution prevention of enterprises better.One of the shortcomings of this system is that the existing system cannot fundamentally guarantee the independence of "type I, type II enterprise environmental supervisors" from the adverse influence of the enterprises in which they are performing their duties, so that they can not adhere to the independence of their practice.And for some small enterprises, the cost of setting up "class I" and "class II" environmental supervisors is too high.The solution is to promote the construction of "enterprise environmental supervisor" system, at the same time, to develop a certain scale of "class I, type II enterprise environmental supervisors" group, and to modify the current system, and finally "class I,"Class II Environmental Supervisors "have developed into intermediary organizations independent of enterprises."
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D922.68

【引证文献】