若干光污染侵权案的法律分析

发布时间：2018-04-10 16:21

本文选题：光污染 + 侵权责任　；参考：《湖南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：光污染侵权，是近年来出现频率较高的一种侵权行为。光污染是继大气、水、噪音、固体废物污染之后的一种新的环境污染形式，光污染对人的身体健康损害及自然生态环境的破坏作用正日益凸显。随着人们环境保护意识的增强，对光污染的危害也有了更进一步的认识，光污染纠纷案件有所增多，但是由于我国目前没有有关光污染的明确法律依据，司法实践中对于何为“光污染”、怎样认定光污染侵权责任、光污染的损害赔偿及举证责任等缺乏统一的认定标准。光污染立法的缺失使得实体权利缺乏法律制度的保障，光污染受害人的权利救济通常很难得以实现。山东省首例“光污染”案、宁波市海曙区19户居民集体诉电业局和开发商噪光污染、上海市陆某诉永达公司环境污染损害赔偿案就是有关光污染侵权纠纷的典型案例。上述光污染纠纷案件，主要存在以下几个争议焦点：一是涉案光是否已经达到“光污染”的标准；二是这些光污染行为是否应承担侵权责任；三是光污染侵权适用什么样的举证责任。这些争点是我国目前在处理光污染侵权案中普遍所遭遇到的，是司法实践中亟待解决的问题。通过对上述案例焦点问题的分析：首先对“光污染”的认定标准作出了阐述；其次比较分析了一般侵权责任与光污染侵权责任的异同，按照特殊侵权责任的构成要件对光污染侵权责任的认定进行了详细论述；然后对此类案件中的举证责任分配进行了分析；最后给出了相关的立法建议，，目的在于完善我国的光污染立法，同时也为光污染侵权纠纷提供更加完善的法律救济手段。
[Abstract]:The infringement of light pollution is a kind of tort with high frequency in recent years.Light pollution is a new form of environmental pollution following the pollution of atmosphere, water, noise and solid waste. The damage of light pollution to human health and natural ecological environment is becoming increasingly prominent.With the enhancement of people's awareness of environmental protection, the harm of light pollution has also been further understood, and the number of disputes over light pollution has increased. However, there is no clear legal basis for light pollution in our country at present.In judicial practice, there is a lack of unified standards for determining what is "light pollution", how to determine the tort liability of light pollution, compensation for damage caused by light pollution and the burden of proof.The lack of light pollution legislation makes the substantive rights lack of legal system protection, the relief of the rights of the victims of light pollution is usually difficult to achieve.The first case of "light pollution" in Shandong Province, 19 households in Haishu District of Ningbo City collectively sued the electricity Bureau and developers for light pollution, and Shanghai City Lu Mou v. Yongda Company Environmental pollution damage compensation case is a typical case of light pollution infringement dispute.In the above-mentioned light pollution dispute cases, there are several controversial points as follows: first, whether the light involved in the case has reached the standard of "light pollution"; second, whether these light pollution acts should bear the tort liability;Third, what kind of burden of proof is applicable to the infringement of light pollution.These points are generally encountered in dealing with light pollution infringement cases in our country, and are the problems to be solved urgently in judicial practice.Through the analysis of the focus of the above cases: firstly, it expounds the standard of "light pollution"; secondly, it compares and analyzes the similarities and differences between the general tort liability and the light pollution tort liability, and then compares and analyzes the differences and similarities between the common tort liability and the light pollution tort liability.According to the constitution of special tort liability, the author discusses the identification of light pollution tort liability in detail; then analyzes the distribution of the burden of proof in such cases; finally, gives the relevant legislative suggestions.The purpose is to perfect the legislation of light pollution and to provide more perfect legal remedy for the infringement dispute of light pollution.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923;D922.6

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