论采伐管理制度对森林经营的影响

发布时间：2018-04-12 08:45

本文选题：采伐管理制度 + 森林经营　；参考：《北京林业大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：采伐的定义是很宽泛的。不只是高大的林木,花卉、药用植物等本身也包括在林产品的范围之内。因此,我们可以将采伐简单的定义为从森林资源中获取原材料的过程或方式。森林采伐管理和林地林权管理是森林资源管理的核心。实施了几十年的采伐制度在生态、经济上都曾发挥了巨大的积极作用。随着经济体制的转轨,集体林权制度改革快速推进,林业生产关系业已发生重大变化,计划经济时期沿用至今的采伐制度,日渐暴露出各种局限性和不适应性。转型时期,各方面的争议、矛盾层出不穷。而转型本身的意义若要落实到政府的机制上,乃是它在政策制订、法制改革、冲突管理等每个方面都必须做出另一次大改革和大调试。本篇论文在对采伐制度作简要概述之后,便从采伐制度产生的时代背景,结合当时所制定的林业法律法规中体现的管理原则和指导思想,阐述其在控制森林资源消耗、提高森林总量上所发挥的积极效用。具体分析了目前采伐制度与森林经营方案在实践中脱离的原因、采伐权的不能落实,对经营者自主权的限制。认为对集体林采伐的指标设定,及相关限制程序都是对林木采伐权利正当性的违反。公有林、商品林各有其价值属性。我们不应一边在不断强调商品林经济效益,提高林业生产力的同时,却以林木的生态功能为借口,对其多加限制和阻挠。同时,对2009年颁布的《关于改革和完善集体林采伐管理的意见》作了简要分析,指出推进采伐制度深入改革的一些措施。最后,提出了近几年来,林业政策不断变化,但《森林法》这部十三年前修订的法律却未曾丝毫变动。因此,作者指出进一步修改的必要性及如何修改的建议,从而通过将完善的采伐制度设计上升为法律文本,更有效的促进制度的实践操作。
[Abstract]:The definition of logging is very broad.Not only are tall trees, flowers, medicinal plants themselves included in the range of forest products.Therefore, we can simply define harvesting as the process or method of obtaining raw materials from forest resources.Forest cutting management and forest right management are the core of forest resource management.Logging system has been implemented for several decades in ecology, and has played a great positive role in economy.With the transition of economic system, the reform of collective forest property right system is advancing rapidly, and the forestry production relations have undergone great changes. The logging system which has been used since the planned economy period has exposed various limitations and inadaptability day by day.In the transitional period, various aspects of the dispute, contradictions emerge in endlessly.If the transformation itself is to be implemented in the mechanism of government, it must make another major reform and adjustment in every aspect of policy making, legal system reform, conflict management and so on.After a brief overview of the cutting system, this paper, from the background of the production of the cutting system, combined with the management principles and guiding ideology embodied in the forestry laws and regulations formulated at that time, expounded its control of the consumption of forest resources.The positive effect of increasing the total amount of forest.This paper analyzes the reasons why the current cutting system and the forest management scheme are divorced from each other in practice, the failure to implement the cutting right and the restrictions on the autonomy of the operators.It is considered that the setting of indexes and the relevant restriction procedures for collective forest cutting are all violations of the legitimacy of forest cutting rights.Public forest, commercial forest each has its value attribute.On the one hand, we should not emphasize the economic benefit of commercial forest and improve forestry productivity, but at the same time, we should limit and obstruct the forest on the pretext of ecological function of forest.At the same time, the opinions on the reform and improvement of collective forest cutting management issued in 2009 are briefly analyzed, and some measures to promote the further reform of cutting system are pointed out.Finally, it is pointed out that forestry policy has been constantly changing in recent years, but the law amended 13 years ago has not changed at all.Therefore, the author points out the necessity of further revision and some suggestions on how to modify it, so as to promote the practical operation of the system more effectively by raising the design of the perfect logging system to the legal text.
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.63;F326.2

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