我国集体林权制度改革法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 05:41

本文选题：集体林权 + 产权　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2010年博士论文

【摘要】： 林权就是森林资源产权。森林资源产权的归属有国家的森林、林木、林地所有权；集体的森林、林木、林地所有权；个人的林木所有权、林地使用权。从横向上分析,它包括森林、林木的采伐利用权,林上、林中、林下资源采集利用权,森林景观的开发利用权、补偿权、收益权、流转权、抵押权、担保权等。林业在贯彻可持续发展战略中具有重要地位,在生态建设中具有首要地位,在西部大开发中具有基础地位,在应对气候变化中具有特殊地位。据国家林业局第六次森林资源清查资料,我国集体森林资源占全部森林资源面积的57.55%集体林的产权落实问题也一直是林权制度改革的焦点。通过集体林权制度改革,“山定权,树定根,人定心”,激发农民的生产积极性,促进农民发展林业,是增强林业竞争能力的支撑和手段,对于农业和农村经济的发展,对于农民增收致富,对于改善生态环境都具有积极的作用。根据制度变迁理论,我国集体林权制度变迁也是一种新制度代替旧制度的过程。我国的集体林权制度改革经历了土地改革时期的分林到户、农业合作化时期的山林入社、人民公社时期的山林集体所有统一经营阶段、林业“三定”阶段。从2003年开始,我国集体林权制度改革进入了新的全面深入改革阶段,并以福建、江西等地作为试点,建立产权归属清晰、经营主体到位、责权划分明确、利益保障严格、流转顺畅规范、监管服务有效的现代林业产权制度。目前,我国集体林产权制度还存在权属不清、权能残缺、管理不到位、流转不规范和处置权受制约等问题,有必要对现有集体林权制度进行进一步的改革。从可持续发展的角度看,林权制度改革是实现森林可持续发展的客观要求,要真正实现森林可持续发展,就必须对现有的森林资源权利制度进行变革和创新。全面推进集体林权制度改革是稳定和完善农村基本经营制度的必然要求,是促进农民就业增收、建设生态文明、发展现代林业的战略举措。在深化集体林权制度改革过程中,我们应以产权制度和物权理论为基础,借鉴国外林权制度的经验,探索我国集体林权制度的变革之道。集体林权制度改革的重点是所有权、经营权、处置权、补偿权和收益权。针对目前我国集体林权制度存在的问题,以物权和产权理论为基础,本文提出：一是明晰产权,其中包括明晰产权的具体措施,以及不同的权利主体的责权利；二是规范林权流转,建立完善林业要素市场、完善流转程序制度、加强林权流转监管；三是放活经营权,实行自主经营规模经营、实现经营主体的多元化、完善激励措施、提高林业科技创新能力和规范商品林的培育采伐管理；四是落实收益权,完善生态效益补偿基金制度、提高对生态林的补偿、保障征占林地的补偿权、开展林权抵押贷款和减免税费等。
[Abstract]:Forest right is the property right of forest resources. The ownership of forest resources includes national ownership of forests, trees and woodlands; collective ownership of forests, trees and woodlands; individual ownership of forest trees and the right to use woodland. From the horizontal analysis, it includes forest, forest cutting and utilization right, forest, forest, forest resource collection and utilization right, forest landscape development and utilization right, compensation right, income right, circulation right, mortgage right, security right, etc. Forestry plays an important role in carrying out the strategy of sustainable development, plays an important role in ecological construction, plays a basic role in the development of the western region, and plays a special role in dealing with climate change. According to the sixth forest resources inventory data of the State Forestry Administration, the implementation of collective forest resources in 57.55% of the total forest resources area has also been the focus of forest tenure system reform. Through the reform of the collective forest right system, "setting the right to the mountain, establishing the root, setting the center of the people", arousing the farmers' enthusiasm in production and promoting the farmers' development of forestry are the support and means to strengthen the competitiveness of forestry, and it is also the support and means for the development of agriculture and rural economy. For farmers to increase income and become rich, to improve the ecological environment has a positive role. According to the theory of institutional change, the institutional change of collective forest right in our country is also a new system replacing the old one. The reform of collective forest right system in our country has experienced the period of land reform, the period of land reform, the entry of mountain forest into community, the stage of collective management of mountain forest in the period of people's commune, and the stage of forestry "three fixed". Since 2003, the reform of collective forest right system in China has entered a new stage of comprehensive and in-depth reform, and Fujian, Jiangxi and other places as the pilot, establish a clear ownership of property rights, the main business in place, clear division of responsibility, strict protection of interests. Smooth flow of norms, effective supervision of modern forestry property rights system. At present, there are still some problems in our collective forest property right system, such as unclear ownership, incomplete power, inadequate management, irregular circulation and restricted disposal right, etc. It is necessary to further reform the existing collective forest property right system. From the point of view of sustainable development, the reform of forest tenure system is the objective requirement to realize the sustainable development of forest. In order to realize the sustainable development of forest, it is necessary to reform and innovate the existing system of forest resource rights. It is necessary to promote the reform of collective forest right system in order to stabilize and perfect the basic management system in rural areas. It is a strategic measure to promote farmers' employment and income, to build ecological civilization and to develop modern forestry. In the process of deepening the reform of the collective forest right system, we should take the property right system and the real right theory as the foundation, draw lessons from the experience of foreign forest right system, and explore the reform way of the collective forest right system of our country. The reform of collective forest right system focuses on ownership, management, disposition, compensation and income. In view of the problems existing in the system of collective forest property right in our country at present, based on the theory of real right and property right, this paper puts forward the following points: one is to clarify property right, including the specific measures of clarifying property right, as well as the responsibility rights of different rights subjects; The second is to standardize the circulation of forest rights, to establish and perfect the forestry factor market, to perfect the circulation procedure system and to strengthen the supervision of the circulation of forest rights; third, to liberalize the management right, to carry out the self-management scale management, to realize the diversification of the main body of the management, and to perfect the incentive measures. To improve the ability of forestry science and technology innovation and to standardize the cultivation and harvesting management of commercial forest. Fourth, to implement the right of income, to perfect the system of compensation fund for ecological benefit, to improve the compensation for ecological forest, and to ensure the compensation right of expropriation and occupation of forest land. Carry out forest right mortgage loan and reduce taxes and fees and so on.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.6;F326.2

【引证文献】