石羊河流域地下水资源利用与保护法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-12 19:57

本文选题：地下水资源 + 流域管理　；参考：《兰州大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 石羊河流域位于河西走廊东部,历史上的石羊河流域经济发达,流域内水资源比较丰富,但是随着经济社会的发展,地下水资源严重超采,近年来,甘肃石羊河流域生态环境严重恶化,石羊河流域水资源短缺。中下游之间、工农业之间用水矛盾突出。地下水超采严重,地下水水位急剧下降,水质恶化,产生了严重的生态环境问题。作为石羊河流域的重要水源,地下水资源必须加以合理利用与保护。首先,文章从调研的实际出发,通过对石羊河流域的公众水情意识、法律意识、水行政执法等状况的调研分析,得出了石羊河流域公众水情意识、法律意识比较淡薄,水行政执法环境还有待改善等初步结论。在此基础上,作者进一步分析了地下水利用与保护中存在的问题及成因,客观原因是人口、耕地规模不断扩大,导致水资源供不应求。主观原因则是没能正确认识经济社会发展规律,在发展经济社会时缺乏科学规划。比如:认为地下水资源是取之不尽的,为了扩大农作物的产量,在石羊河流域各段大修水库,地表水被层层截流使地下水资源的自然补给日趋减少,甚至改变了地下水的循环规律,导致地下水资源利用与保护环境日益恶化。具体表现为地下水管理的相关法律制度不健全、地下水使用管理缺乏有效的协调机制、流域管理机构缺乏强有力的管理措施、流域产业结构不合理、节水意识淡薄、对水资源承载力和科学利用缺乏科学认识等方面。针对上述原因,结合国际上的地下水管理和地下水交易市场建立的先进经验,文章提出了不断完善流域地下水利用与保护的立法、提高地下水行政执法能力、建立健全地下水交易市场、加强取水许可审批制度和水井控制管理、探索民主管理地下水的新机制、提高公众水危机意识等对策。当然,由于作者水平有限,未能对一些问题进一步加以剖析,但是完善它们是我今后努力的方向。如能为石羊河流域地下水的利用与保护法律和相关政策的出台起到抛砖引玉的作用,则甚感欣慰。
[Abstract]:Shiyang River Basin is located in the eastern part of the Hexi Corridor. In history, the Shiyang River Basin has developed economy and abundant water resources in the basin. However, with the development of economy and society, groundwater resources have been seriously overexploited in recent years. The ecological environment of Shiyang River Basin in Gansu Province has deteriorated seriously, and the water resources of Shiyang River Basin are short. Between the middle and lower reaches, the contradiction between industry and agriculture is prominent. Groundwater is overexploited, groundwater level drops sharply and water quality deteriorates, which causes serious ecological environment problems. As an important source of water in Shiyang River Basin, groundwater resources must be rationally utilized and protected. First of all, based on the investigation and analysis of the public water situation consciousness, the law consciousness, the water administration law enforcement and so on, the article obtains the public water situation consciousness of Shiyang River basin, the legal consciousness is relatively weak. The water administration law enforcement environment still needs to be improved and so on preliminary conclusion. On this basis, the author further analyzes the existing problems and causes of groundwater utilization and protection. The objective reason is that the population and the scale of cultivated land continue to expand, leading to the shortage of water resources. The subjective reason is the failure to correctly understand the law of economic and social development, and the lack of scientific planning in the development of economic society. For example, it is believed that groundwater resources are inexhaustible. In order to increase the output of crops, in order to expand the output of crops, in the Shiyang River Basin, the surface water was cut off layer by layer and the natural supply of groundwater resources was reduced day by day. It even changes the law of groundwater circulation, which leads to the worsening of groundwater resources utilization and environmental protection. The concrete manifestation is that the relevant legal system of groundwater management is not perfect, the groundwater use management lacks effective coordination mechanism, the basin management organization lacks strong management measures, the industrial structure of the basin is unreasonable, and the consciousness of saving water is weak. Lack of scientific understanding of water resources carrying capacity and scientific utilization. In view of the above reasons, combined with the advanced experience of the international groundwater management and the establishment of the groundwater trading market, the paper puts forward the legislation of continuously perfecting the groundwater utilization and protection in the basin, and improving the administrative law enforcement ability of the groundwater. It is necessary to establish and perfect the groundwater trading market, strengthen the examination and approval system of water intake permission and the control management of wells, explore the new mechanism of democratic management of groundwater, and raise the public awareness of water crisis. Of course, due to the limited level of the author, some problems can not be further analyzed, but perfecting them is the direction of my future efforts. It is very gratifying to be able to make a contribution to the utilization and protection of groundwater in Shiyang River Basin and related policies.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.66

【参考文献】