林地承包经营权流转法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 21:26

本文选题：林地 + 林地承包经营权　；参考：《中国政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：林地,作为林业发展必要的生产要素,是国家重要的自然和战略资源,是森林赖以生存与发展之所系,在保障木材及林产品供给、维护国土生态安全中具有核心地位。我国林地资源总量不足、自然条件不佳且利用效率低下,唯有通过合理配置林地资源方能提高林地的利用效率以此满足我国巨大的林产品需求。根据我国现行的林地利用制度,用于林业用途的林地仅能通过承包的方式获得林地使用权。鉴于林地所有权不能流转,林地承包经营权的流转成为优化配置林地资源的惟一途径。但是我国现行的林地承包经营权流转制度在立法及执法层面存在种种问题,严重阻碍了林地承包经营权的高效流转,无助于林地资源的合理配置,亟待改进。本文以林地承包经营权为核心,运用实证分析的方法系统性地梳理了我国林地承包经营权的相关法律规定。全文共分三章就林地承包经营权取得、流转的方式、程序及限制性规定进行了详细阐述,并引申分析我国林地承包经营权出资现代公司的可行性及限制,指出其中存在的问题,并相应地提出改进的建议。第一章首先明确了全文的研究范围,界定了林地、林地承包经营权的概念,并阐释了我国立法在相关概念上的模糊之处,重点介绍了我国现行法律规范有关林地承包经营权初次取得的条件和程序,指出由于现行法律法规对林地承包经营生效的规定与不动产物权公示的原理相左,导致法律对林地承包经营权的保护沦为债权性保护,并影响了林地承包经营权的流转。第二章介绍了林地承包经营权流转的概念、林地承包经营权流转的分类,分析了林地承包经营权的流转在我国的必要性及可行性,并重点阐述了不同的林地承包经营权流转的方式、程序及各种限制,如国有林地的承包经营权尚不能流转、家庭式林地承包经营权流转的主体被严格限制在本集体经济组织内部、经营性林地承包经营权的转让须征得村民会议三分之二以上或村民代表三分之二以上的同意等等,指出这些限制在很大程度上限制了林地资源的合理配置,与林地承包经营权流转的初衷相悖,亟待进行改革。第三章重点分析了林地承包经营权出资现代公司的必要性及可行性,并指出由于林地承包经营权流转在方式和程序上的种种限制,不同的林地承包经营权出资现代公司还存在相应的法律障碍,如国有林地仅能通过一级流转出资公司,家庭式林地承包经营权仅能通过出租、转包等债权性流转方式出资公司,经营性林地承包经营权通过物权性流转方式出资公司需要履行相当的同意程序,而且取得的林地承包经营权不能完全自由地流转。这些法律障碍阻滞了林地承包经营权顺利的入资公司,降低了其他股东接受林地承包经营权出资公司的意愿,不利于运用现代公司制度整合广大的林地资源以提高林地利用效率。亟待立法废除这些不必要的限制,充分发挥公司制度的优势,以便规模化、集中化、高效率地利用林地,提高林业生产效率,满足我国对林产品的巨大需求。最后,论文总结了我国林地承包经营权在取得及流转上的种种不足之处,并相应地提出了笔者的改进建议,希图能对合理配置我国的林地资源,提高林地利用效率略尽绵薄之力。
[Abstract]:Forest land, as the essential production factor of forestry development, is an important natural and strategic resource of the country. It is the central position of forest for survival and development. It has the core position in guaranteeing the supply of wood and forest products and maintaining the security of land and ecology. Woodland resources can improve the utilization efficiency of forest land to meet the huge demand of forest products in China.
According to the current system of woodland utilization in China, forestland used for forestry use can only obtain the right to use the woodland by contract. In view of the fact that the ownership of woodland can not be transferred, the transfer of the contractual management right of woodland becomes the only way to optimize the allocation of woodland resources. There are various problems at the level, which seriously hamper the efficient circulation of forest land contractual management rights, and do not help the rational allocation of woodland resources.
Taking the right of woodland contract management as the core, this paper systematically combs the relevant legal provisions of the contractual management right of woodland in our country by means of empirical analysis. The full text is divided into three chapters to elaborate on the acquisition of the contractual management right of woodland, the mode of circulation, the procedure and the restrictive regulations, and extend the analysis of the capital contribution of the forestland contract management right in our country. The feasibility and limitations of the company are pointed out, and the existing problems are pointed out, and suggestions for improvement are put forward accordingly.
The first chapter first clarifies the scope of the full text, defines the concept of the right to contract management of woodland and woodland, and explains the vague points of our legislation in related concepts, and focuses on the conditions and procedures for the first acquisition of the contractual management right of woodland in the current legal norms of China, and points out that the contract management of woodland is due to the current laws and regulations. The provisions of the entry into force are different from the principle of the public notice of real property, which leads to the protection of the law's protection of the contractual management right of the woodland to the creditor's rights protection and the transfer of the contractual management right of the woodland.
The second chapter introduces the concept of the transfer of the contractual management right of woodland, the classification of the transfer of the contractual management right of the woodland, analyses the necessity and feasibility of the transfer of the contractual management right of the woodland in our country, and emphatically expounds the different ways, procedures and various limits of the transfer of the contractual management right of the woodland, such as the contractual management right of the state-owned forest land can not be transferred yet. The main body of the transfer of the household woodland contract management right is strictly limited to the collective economic organization. The transfer of the contractual management right of the operating woodland must be taken over 2/3 of the villagers' meeting or the consent of 2/3 of the villagers' representatives, and so on. The original intention of the transfer of contractual operation right is contrary to the need for reform.
The third chapter focuses on the analysis of the necessity and feasibility of the modern company with the contractual management right of woodland, and points out that due to the various restrictions on the mode and procedure of the transfer of the contractual management right of the woodland, the different contractual management rights of the woodland have the corresponding legal barriers to the modern company, such as the state-owned forest land can only be transferred through the first level. The household contract management right can only be invested by the creditor's right transfer mode such as renting, subcontracting, and so on. The contractual management right of the operational forestland needs to perform a considerable consent procedure through the transfer of property rights, and the contracted management right of the woodland can not be completely free. These legal obstacles block the land contract. The successful investment company has reduced the willingness of the other shareholders to accept the investment company of the forestland contract management right, and is not conducive to the use of the modern company system to integrate the vast woodland resources to improve the efficiency of woodland utilization. We should make full use of woodland to improve the efficiency of forestry production and meet the huge demand for forest products in China.
Finally, the paper summarizes the shortcomings of the acquisition and transfer of the contractual management right of China's woodland, and puts forward some suggestions on the improvement of the author, which can make a little effort to rationally configure our country's woodland resources and improve the efficiency of woodland utilization.

【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.32;D922.63;F326.2

【参考文献】