环境侵权导致的潜伏性损害之法律责任承担

发布时间：2018-05-20 18:51

本文选题：环境侵权 + 潜伏性　；参考：《江西财经大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前,我国法律在归责原则、因果关系和责任承担等内容上对环境侵权行为做出了规定,但环境侵权行为具备的复杂特征也给法律实施带来了一定的困难。环境侵权不同于其他侵权行为,具有范围不确定性、形式多样性、行为持续性、损害潜伏性等一系列复杂特征。最近几年来全世界范围内已有很多地区出现因地区工业污染影响水质或者大气导致的群体民众患病现象,甚至出现个别因部分介质污染而产生的基因变异等恶性事件。我国也不例外,2005年吉林中石化污染事件就是一个典型的例子,污染发生后相关责任人故意隐瞒事故,导致松花江很大范围的水域受到苯等污染物的严重污染。除去一些简单的偿付,并无其他责任方主动承担赔偿的行为发生。此结果的产生一部分原因是当事人双方对相关责任缺乏正确认识,更重要的一点就是侵害结果较难确定、行为与损害结果之间的因果关系界定不明,最终导致责任难以实现,给当事人带来极大的损失。继续完善法律在私法领域对环境侵权责任的规定是十分有必要的,当前我们应当更加注重对可能发生的复杂环境问题,对呈现多样性的环境侵权行为尽可能地予以遏制,并从责任承担环节上给予受损方以足够的赔偿。其他国家尤其是欧美发达国家早已着手本国甚至近邻国家的生态环境问题,从上世纪中叶以来,很多国家伴随经济发展相继出现了较为严重的环境问题,致使各国开始注重环境方面的立法。为此,各国采取了很多的措施以改善本国环境,例如在上世纪后期发达国家纷纷将本国重污染行业迁移到亚洲、南美洲等地区的发展中国家,在不断地磨合过程中,逐渐形成了发达国家较为健全的环境保护及侵权追责等一系列的法律制度。以德国和日本为例,由于在解决纠纷当中也积累了大量处理实际案件的实用性经验,它们的环境侵权相关法律制度经过长时期的发展已趋于成熟。一些好的制度或者规定,我们可以借鉴,并结合我国实际情况适当采纳。能够处理好环境侵权行为双方的纠纷,得益于完备的追责制度、适宜的责任承担方式等要素和环境保护工程的稳步发展。私法框架下的侵权行为责任研究是长期的重要课题,以行为潜伏性特征为切入点,是细化环境侵权责任以便更好地指导实践的重要举措,是十分必要的。
[Abstract]:At present, the law of our country has made the stipulation on the content of the principle of imputation, causality and liability, but the complex characteristics of the environmental tort also bring some difficulties to the law enforcement. Environmental tort is different from other tort acts. It has a series of complex characteristics, such as range uncertainty, form diversity, behavior persistence, damage latency and so on. In recent years, in many regions of the world, the phenomenon of population disease caused by the industrial pollution in the region has occurred, and even the genetic variation caused by some medium pollution has occurred. China is no exception, Jilin Sinopec pollution incident in 2005 is a typical example, after the pollution occurred, the responsible person deliberately concealed the accident, resulting in a large area of Songhua River by benzene and other pollutants serious pollution. Apart from some simple payments, no other responsible party has taken the initiative to assume compensation. Part of the reason for this result is that the parties lack a correct understanding of the relevant liability, and the more important point is that the result of infringement is difficult to determine, the causal relationship between the behavior and the damage result is unclear, and finally the responsibility is difficult to realize. Bring great loss to the party concerned. It is very necessary to continue to improve the legal provisions on environmental tort liability in the field of private law. At present, we should pay more attention to the complex environmental problems that may occur, and try to contain as far as possible the various environmental tort acts. And from the responsibility of the link to the injured party with adequate compensation. Other countries, especially developed countries in Europe and the United States, have already begun to deal with ecological environmental problems in their own countries and even in their close neighbors. Since the middle of the last century, many countries have appeared more serious environmental problems along with their economic development. As a result, countries began to focus on environmental legislation. For this reason, many countries have taken many measures to improve their environment. For example, in the late last century, developed countries moved their heavy pollution industries to developing countries in Asia, South America and other regions. Gradually formed a more sound developed countries environmental protection and tort liability and a series of legal systems. Taking Germany and Japan for example, due to the accumulation of a large number of practical experience in the settlement of disputes, their environmental tort related legal system has matured after a long period of development. Some good system or regulation, we may draw lessons from, and the actual situation in our country appropriate adoption. It can deal with the disputes between the two sides of the environmental tort, and benefit from the perfect system of liability, the suitable way to assume the responsibility and the steady development of the environmental protection project. The study of tort liability under the framework of private law is an important issue for a long time. Taking the latent characteristics of behavior as the breakthrough point, it is an important measure to refine the environmental tort liability in order to better guide the practice, which is very necessary.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.6;D923

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