我国电子废弃物回收处理法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-20 18:55

本文选题：电子废弃物 + 可持续发展理论　；参考：《西南政法大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 随着我国经济和社会的全面发展,人民的生活水平和生活质量有了很大的提高,电子产品进入了千家万户,成为了生活必需品。它给人们带来便捷生活的同时,也悄然带来了电子废弃物这一新型污染物。我国每年都要淘汰大量的手机、电脑、家用电器等电子产品,从2003年起,我国进入了电子产品报废的高峰期,电子废弃物的非正规回收处理给环境带来了严重的污染。同时,每年世界上80%的电子废弃物被运到亚洲,其中90%进入了中国,这让我国的电子废弃物回收处理体系面临着严峻的考验。本文首先从我国电子废弃物回收处理现状出发,寻找我国现有制度的缺陷,分析完善我国电子废弃物回收处理法律制度的重大意义,再从可持续发展理论、循环经济理念和环境权的角度寻求对电子废弃物回收处理法律制度的理论支持,同时通过对欧盟、日本、美国等发达国家和地区的相关法律制度和实践的归纳梳理,提出完善我国电子废弃物回收处理法律制度的对策,以期为我国电子废弃物回收处理法律制度的发展做一些有益探索。本文按照“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”的思路,运用比较分析法对我国电子废弃物回收处理法律制度进行探讨,分为四个部分: 第一部分,主要是对我国电子废弃物回收处理法律制度的综述。首先对电子废弃物这一概念的内涵和特征进行了界定,明确了电子废弃物的范围;接着从立法现状和社会现状两个方面重点介绍了我国电子废弃物回收处理的情况,尤其是我国国内日益剧增的电子废弃物和国外发达国家向我国境内转移的电子废弃物成为我国电子废弃物回收处理制度中令人头痛的内忧外患;通过分析我国电子废弃物回收处理制度目前存在的缺陷,即法律制度的缺失和政府监管的缺位,提出现阶段在我国完善电子废弃物回收处理法律制度的意义。第二部分,重点分析了我国电子废弃物回收处理法律制度的理论支持。第一是可持续发展理论。首先对可持续发展理论的基本内涵进行了界定,接着分析了可持续发展理论与我国电子废弃物回收处理法律制度的关系。第二是循环经济理论。同样也是先介绍循环经济理念的产生及其内涵,再通过分析循环经济有别于传统经济之处指出循环经济理念对我国电子废弃物回收处理法律制度的指导意义。第三是环境权。先追溯环境权的发展历程,再对环境权的内涵做了必要的介绍,并论述了环境权理论对我国电子废弃物回收处理法律制度的影响。第三部分,专门介绍了欧盟、日本、美国等国家和地区对电子废弃物回收处理的制度建设和实践。首先是欧盟及德国的相关法律及实践情况,相继介绍了欧盟2003年公布的WEEE指令和ROHS指令的基本内容和德国相关法律制度的基本情况,同时具体描述了德国的非盈利性组织EAR基金在德国电子废弃物回收处理体系中的职能和发挥的作用。其次是日本的相关制度建设及实践。首先介绍了日本发展循环经济的原因和目前的循环经济法规,接着对日本从1990年开始实施的有关电子废弃物的法律法规简要进行了描述,最后归纳了日本电子废弃物回收处理法律制度对各相关主体责任义务的分担情况。第三是对美国相关制度的介绍,并分析了美国和日本对于消费者承担回收处理成本这个制度实施上的区别。最后针对前述三个国家和地区各自的重要制度进行了评述,并进一步阐述了这些制度对我国的借鉴意义。第四部分是本文的重点,详细论述了我国电子废弃物回收处理法律制度的完善对策。这个部分包括法律制度的构建、政府职能的充分履行和非政府组织在相关污染防治中的功能三方面的内容。法律制度构建这个部分分为四个方面。首先是明确延伸生产者责任制度:第一,从四个方面阐述了在我国确立延伸生产者责任制度的意义;第二,简单回顾一下延伸生产者责任制度的发展;第三,介绍延伸生产者责任制度的内容;第四,提出在我国如何确立延伸生产者责任制度。接着是环境押金制度:第一,论述了在我国建立环境押金制度的必要性;第二,简要介绍了德国环境押金制度的相关规定;第三,通过与我国啤酒瓶回收押金制度的比较说明环境押金的特殊作用;第四,如何构建我国环境押金制度。再是开征环境税:第一,对环境税的目的和功能做了简要介绍;第二,反思我国目前税制对环境保护的不力,建议加快构建环境税体系;第三,详细阐述了我国开征环境税的意义;第四,如何征收环境税。最后是要求明确职能机构及监管职责,避免出现多头分管的局面。政府职能的充分履行这个部分分为三个方面。第一,说明政府如何行使电子废弃物回收处理市场准入职能;第二,提出政府如何对正规电子废弃物处理企业予以扶持;第三,简述政府加大对公民环保意识的宣传教育的必要性。非政府组织在相关污染防治中的功能这个部分分为三个方面。第一,论述政府在环境保护中的局限性;第二,阐述非政府组织在环境保护中的优越性;第三,重点论述了行业协会在电子废弃物回收处理法律制度中的两个主要的功能。结语部分对我国电子废弃物回收处理法律制度中各相关责任主体的责任和义务做了简要归纳和总结。
[Abstract]:With the overall development of our country's economy and society, the living standard and quality of life of the people have been greatly improved. Electronic products have entered thousands of households and become the necessities of life. It brings convenient life to people, while also quietly bringing electronic waste, a new type of pollutants. Brain, household electrical appliances and other electronic products, since 2003, China has entered the peak period of electronic products scrapping. The irregular recycling of electronic waste has brought serious pollution to the environment. At the same time, 80% of the world's electronic waste has been transported to Asia, of which 90% entered China, which makes China's electronic waste recycling treatment system. Facing the severe test, this paper begins with the current situation of China's electronic waste recycling, seeks the defects of the existing system in our country, analyzes the significance of improving the legal system of the recycling of electronic waste in our country, and then seeks the recovery of electronic waste from the theory of sustainable development, the concept of circular economy and the angle of the environment right. According to the theoretical support of the law system, and by summarizing the relevant legal systems and practices of the developed countries and regions such as the EU, Japan and the United States, the countermeasures are put forward to improve the legal system of the recovery and treatment of electronic waste in our country, in order to make some useful exploration for the development of the legal system of the recycling of electronic waste in China.
In accordance with the idea of "putting forward questions - analyzing problems - solving problems", this paper uses comparative analysis method to discuss the legal system of electronic waste recycling in China, which is divided into four parts.
The first part is a summary of the legal system of electronic waste recycling in China. First, it defines the connotation and characteristics of the concept of electronic waste, defines the scope of the electronic waste, and then introduces the situation of the recycling of electronic waste in China from the two aspects of the status of the legislation and the status of the society, especially the situation of the recycling of electronic waste in China. The increasing electronic waste in China and the electronic waste transferred from developed countries to our country have become a headaches in China's electronic waste recycling system. By analyzing the existing defects of the electronic waste recycling system in China, the lack of legal system and the absence of government supervision. It is necessary to improve the legal system of electronic waste recycling in China.
The second part analyzes the theoretical support of the legal system of the recycling of electronic waste in China. The first is the theory of sustainable development. First, it defines the basic connotation of the theory of sustainable development, and then analyzes the relationship between the theory of sustainable development and the legal system of the electronic waste recycling Department of our country. Second is the circular economy theory. It also introduces the emergence and connotation of the concept of circular economy, and then points out that the circular economy is different from the traditional economy points out the guiding significance of the circular economy concept to the legal system of the recycling of electronic waste in China. Third is the environmental right. The development process of environmental rights is traced first, and the connotation of environmental rights is necessary. This paper introduces and discusses the influence of environmental right theory on the legal system of WEEE recycling in China.
In the third part, the system construction and practice of EU, Japan, and the United States and other countries and regions are introduced. The relevant laws and practices of EU and Germany are first introduced, and the basic contents of the WEEE directive and ROHS directive published in the EU in 2003 and the basic situation of the relevant German legal systems are introduced. The functions and functions of the German non profit organization EAR fund in the German electronic waste recycling system are described in detail. Secondly, the construction and practice of the related systems in Japan are followed. The reasons for the development of the circular economy in Japan and the current circular economy regulations are first introduced, and then the relevant Japan began to be implemented in 1990. The laws and regulations of electronic waste are briefly described. Finally, the share of responsibility and duty of each related subject in the legal system of electronic waste recycling treatment is summed up. Third is the introduction of the relevant system in the United States and the difference between the United States and Japan on the system implementation of the cost of recovery and treatment of consumers. After that, the important systems of the three countries and regions were commented, and the significance of these systems to our country was further expounded.
The fourth part is the key point of this article. It expounds the perfect countermeasures of the legal system of the recycling of electronic waste in China. This part includes the construction of the legal system, the full performance of the government functions and the three aspects of the function of the non-governmental organization in the prevention and control of the related pollution.
The construction of the legal system is divided into four aspects. First, it is a clear extension of the producer responsibility system. First, the significance of establishing the extended producer responsibility system in China is expounded from four aspects. Second, the development of the extended producer responsibility system is briefly reviewed; third, the content of the extended producer responsibility system is introduced; fourth, How to establish the extended producer responsibility system in our country. Then it is the environmental deposit system: first, the necessity of establishing the environmental deposit system in China is discussed. Second, the relevant provisions of the German environmental deposit system are briefly introduced. Third, the special role of the environmental deposit is illustrated by the comparison with the recovery deposit system of the beer bottle in our country; Four, how to construct the environmental deposit system in our country. The first is to levy environmental tax. First, the purpose and function of environmental tax is briefly introduced. Second, to reflect on our country's current tax system on environmental protection, and to accelerate the construction of environmental tax system; third, elaborate the significance of the environmental tax levy in China; fourth, how to levy environmental tax. Finally, how to levy environmental tax. Finally It is required to clarify functions and regulatory responsibilities so as to avoid the situation of long management.
The full performance of the function of the government is divided into three aspects. First, it explains how the government exercises the market access function of the recycling of electronic waste, and second, puts forward how the government will support the regular electronic waste disposal enterprises; and third, briefly introduces the necessity of increasing the government's publicity and education on citizens' awareness of environmental protection.
The functions of non-governmental organizations in the prevention and control of pollution are divided into three aspects. First, the limitations of the government in environmental protection are discussed; second, the advantages of non-governmental organizations in environmental protection are expounded; and third, the two main functions of the industry association in the legal system of electronic waste recovery are discussed.
The conclusion part briefly summarizes and summarizes the responsibilities and obligations of the relevant responsible entities in the legal system of WEEE recycling in China.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.68

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