我国限制污染物排放法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-24 07:16

本文选题：污染物排放 + 限制排放　；参考：《华中师范大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 随着我国污染物排放量不断上升,我国面临的环境问题已越来越严重。污染物排放问题已严重影响了我国经济持续、健康、高速发展。污染物未加控制地排放侵犯了公民的环境权利,与可持续发展观相违背。然而由于我国限制污染物排放相关的法律制度存在着一系列的不足,未能有效地限制污染物排放,因此,从法律上采取有效措施限制污染物排放已十分必要。本文拟从法制的角度探讨我国现行限制污染物排放法律制度的不足并提出改进意见,以供立法、执法机关参考。本文第一部分介绍了污染物的概念、种类,并介绍了当今国际流行的对污染物无害化处理的方式,指出现今污染物无害化处理方式效率较低,不能真正解决污染物大量排放带来的环境问题。文章第二部分介绍了中国古代“天人合一”思想、环境权理论以及可持续发展观的基本内容。指出这三种理论是限制污染物排放法律制度的重要理论基础,阐明了我国限制污染物排放法律制度应当遵循的原则和理论基础。文章第三部分分析了我国限制污染物排放法律制度的历史发展和现状,指出我国有关限制污染物排放的法律法规间缺乏协调和统一,没有形成完整的法律体系;各行政部门间职责分工不明晰,政府监管体系有待完善;排污收费制度有待完善;环境责任保险制度尚未建立;限制污染物排放法律机制中公众参与不足;限制污染物排放法律责任方面应当完善等问题。文章第四部分对当前限制污染物排放法律制度提出了完善的建议和设想。在税收法制方面提出对消费税、车船使用税进行修改并开征燃油税,从而更好地从源头上限制污染物排放。在污染物排放监管方面建议完善排污许可证制度和排污收费制度。在法律责任方面建议重构行政机关限制污染物排放的法律责任,强化企业排放污染物的责任,建议建立跨界污染责任制度并建立环境责任保险制度。最后提出为了更好地保障公民环境权益,建议建立限制污染物排放公益诉讼制度。
[Abstract]:With the increasing emission of pollutants, the environmental problems are becoming more and more serious. Pollutant emission has seriously affected the sustained, healthy and rapid development of our economy. Uncontrolled discharge of pollutants infringes citizens' environmental rights and violates the concept of sustainable development. However, due to a series of deficiencies in the relevant legal system of limiting pollutant emissions in China, it is necessary to take effective measures to limit the discharge of pollutants. From the angle of legal system, this paper discusses the deficiency of our country's current legal system of limiting pollutant discharge and puts forward some suggestions to improve it for the reference of legislation and law enforcement agencies. In the first part of this paper, the concept and category of pollutants are introduced, and the current international harmless treatment methods are introduced. It is pointed out that the present treatment methods of pollutants are less efficient. It can not really solve the environmental problems caused by the massive discharge of pollutants. In the second part, the author introduces the thought of "harmony of nature and man" in ancient China, the theory of environmental right and the basic content of the concept of sustainable development. It is pointed out that these three theories are the important theoretical basis of the legal system of limiting pollutant emissions, and the principles and theoretical basis of the legal system of limiting pollutant emissions in China are expounded. The third part of the article analyzes the historical development and present situation of the legal system of limiting pollutant emission in China, and points out that there is no coordination and unification between the laws and regulations on the limitation of pollutant emission, and a complete legal system has not been formed. The division of responsibilities among the administrative departments is not clear, the government regulatory system needs to be improved, the sewage charging system needs to be improved, the environmental liability insurance system has not yet been established, the legal mechanism to limit the discharge of pollutants is not enough for public participation; The limitation pollutant discharge legal liability aspect should consummate and so on the question. In the fourth part, the author puts forward some suggestions and ideas on the current legal system of limiting pollutant emission. In the aspect of tax legal system, the consumption tax, vehicle and vessel use tax should be revised and fuel tax should be imposed, so as to limit the emission of pollutants from the source better. In the aspect of pollutant discharge supervision, it is suggested to improve the emission permit system and pollutant charge system. In the aspect of legal liability, it is suggested to reconstruct the legal responsibility of administrative organs to limit the discharge of pollutants, to strengthen the responsibility of enterprises to discharge pollutants, to establish the system of liability for transboundary pollution and to establish the system of environmental liability insurance. Finally, in order to better protect the environmental rights and interests of citizens, it is suggested to establish a public interest litigation system to limit the discharge of pollutants.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.6

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