我国城市生活垃圾污染防治法律对策研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 03:06

本文选题：生活垃圾 + 法律制度　；参考：《西南政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济的发展和科技的进步,生活垃圾的产量也在与日俱增。2000年我国生活垃圾清运量为1.18亿吨,2008年我国生活垃圾清运量为1.54亿吨,比2000年增长了近30%。生活垃圾成为人们关注的焦点,多个城市面临垃圾围城的困境。一方面生活垃圾因含有多种污染成份,在一定条件下会产生生物的、化学的和物理的转化,从而对周围环境产生一定的影响。若处置不当,则可能污染环境、危害人体健康,更甚者是引发危险事故。另一方面生活垃圾含有很多有用的物质和资源,若合理处置,能节约资源、减少污染。因此合理的回收处置生活垃圾对减少污染、节约资源具有重要的意义。因为我国生活垃圾污染防治还处在起步阶段,生活垃圾污染现状还比较严重。目前我国生活垃圾产量不断攀升,污染严重,资源回收率偏低。生活垃圾污染防治,是一项系统综合的工程,需要科技、政策、法规、管理等手段齐抓共进。但法律法规和相关法律制度,对于指导生活垃圾污染防治具有其他手段不可比拟的作用。完善的法规和法律制度,可以明确规定相关主体权利、义务、责任和相关的标准,对于保障生活垃圾污染防治具有强制性作用。因此针对我国生活垃圾污染防治存在的问题,提出相关法律对策、建议,对于指导我国生活垃圾污染防治具有重要作用。随着对生活垃圾污染的重视,目前我国已经制定《固体废物污染环境防治法》、《中华人民共和国循环经济促进法》、《城市生活垃圾管理办法》、《再生资源回收管理办法》等法律。这些法律法规对保护和改善环境,促进生活垃圾回收处置起了重要作用。但是目前我国相关法规和法律制度还存在一些不足之处,生活垃圾分类施行困难,公众参与不够全面,商品包装污染严重,生产者责任延伸没有完全确立等。与我国相关法律制度不够完善情况相比,美国、日本、德相关法律制度比较完善。发达国家完善的垃圾分类回收制度、生产者责任延伸制度、环境押金制度、公众参与制度,使这些国家生活垃圾产量不断减少、资源回收率不断提高。因此要改善我国生活垃圾污染现状,应结合本国的实际情、借鉴发达国家完善的法律制度,完善我国生活垃圾污染防治相关的法律制度。针对我国生活垃圾资源利用率不高的现状,应推行生活垃圾分类制度,明确垃圾分类的标准。我国生活垃圾中商品包装是很重要的部分,因此应完善我国商品包装的相关法规,减少废弃的商品包装量,进而减少生活垃圾的产量。生活垃圾与人们生活息息相关,公众参与是治理生活垃圾不可缺的重要制度。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and the progress of science and technology, the output of domestic garbage is increasing day by day. In 2000, the amount of domestic garbage was 118 million tons, and in 2008 it was 154 million tons, which is 30% more than that in 2000. Domestic garbage has become the focus of attention, many cities are facing the plight of garbage siege. On the one hand, due to the existence of many kinds of pollutants, the MSW will produce biological, chemical and physical transformation under certain conditions, which will have a certain impact on the surrounding environment. If handled improperly, it may pollute the environment, endanger human health, and even lead to dangerous accidents. On the other hand, domestic waste contains a lot of useful materials and resources. If disposed properly, it can save resources and reduce pollution. Therefore, reasonable recycling and disposal of domestic waste is of great significance in reducing pollution and saving resources. Because the prevention and control of domestic garbage pollution is still in its infancy, the status quo of domestic garbage pollution is still serious. At present, the production of domestic refuse is increasing, the pollution is serious, and the recovery rate of resources is on the low side. The prevention and control of domestic garbage pollution is a systematic and comprehensive project, which needs science and technology, policies, laws and regulations, management and other means to work together. However, laws and regulations and related legal systems play an unparalleled role in guiding the prevention and control of domestic waste pollution. Perfect laws and regulations and legal system can clearly define the rights, obligations, responsibilities and relevant standards of relevant subjects, and play a mandatory role in the protection of domestic waste pollution prevention and control. Therefore, in view of the existing problems in the prevention and control of domestic garbage pollution, this paper puts forward some relevant legal countermeasures and suggestions, which plays an important role in guiding the prevention and control of domestic garbage pollution in China. With the attention paid to the pollution of domestic solid waste, at present, the Law on Environmental Prevention and Control of solid waste pollution, the Law on the Promotion of Circular economy of the people's Republic of China, the measures for the Management of Municipal solid waste, and the measures for the Recycling of Renewable Resources have been formulated in China. These laws and regulations play an important role in protecting and improving the environment and promoting the recycling and disposal of domestic waste. However, there are still some deficiencies in the relevant laws and regulations of our country, such as difficulty in classifying domestic waste, insufficient public participation, serious pollution in commodity packaging, and the extension of producer responsibility is not fully established and so on. Compared with the relative legal system of our country, the United States, Japan and Germany are relatively perfect. The developed countries' perfect garbage classification and recovery system, extended producer responsibility system, environmental deposit system and public participation system make the production of domestic waste in these countries decrease and the recovery rate of resources increase continuously. Therefore, in order to improve the status quo of domestic garbage pollution in China, we should combine the actual situation of our country, learn from the perfect legal system of developed countries, and perfect the relevant legal system of domestic garbage pollution prevention and control in our country. In view of the fact that the utilization rate of domestic garbage resources is not high, the classification system of domestic refuse should be carried out and the standard of garbage classification should be clarified. Commodity packaging is an important part of domestic garbage in our country, so we should perfect the relevant laws and regulations of commodity packaging in our country, reduce the quantity of discarded commodity packaging, and then reduce the output of domestic garbage. Domestic garbage is closely related to people's life, and public participation is an indispensable system for the treatment of domestic garbage.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.68;D922.181

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