论我国环境法律倡导性规范

发布时间：2018-05-27 04:25

本文选题：环境治理 + 环境法律倡导性规范　；参考：《山东师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：伴随着人类社会和科学技术的不断进步,我国环境法治建设也取得了蓬勃的发展。但是,让众多的环境法学者没有料到的是,这对于环境治理的效果却不尽人意,我国的环境质量也越来越让人感到担忧。这表明,传统的环境治理模式在日益复杂的环境问题面前显得力不从心,并不断地暴露出弊端。此时,倡导性规范的治理模式就应运而生。倡导性规范在现实立法中大量的存在,并呈不断增多的趋势。但作为一种新型的治理模式,似乎并未引起理论界足够的重视。环境法律倡导性规范的本质旨在强调政府与社会的共同治理,调动民众的积极性,以此来引导人们的环境行为。这一模式有助于政府高效地应对千变万化的环境问题,并真正的实现广泛的民众参与。笔者认为,环境法律倡导性规范可以为环境保护提供一条独特的路径。本文总共分为四个部分: 第一部分,“环境法律倡导性规范的概念与特征”,主要是对环境法律倡导性规范进行简要阐述,列举了我国环境法律中的倡导性规范大量存在的情况,并借鉴相关领域学者的理念,将其定义为“环境法律倡导性规范,是指在环境法律规范中,提倡、诱导当事人采用特定的行为模式,为或不为某种行为,以期达到某种特定环境目的的规范。”紧接着论述了环境法律倡导性规范的事先性、引导性、肯定性、政策性等特征。第二部分,“环境法律倡导性规范的社会适存性及价值分析”。本部分认为,由于传统治理模式的诸多不足之处,加之政府职能转变的要求,环境法律倡导性规范有其产生的必要性,并从环保意识、环保文化方面入手,结合法经济学及可持续发展的理论,指出环境法律倡导性规范是符合法经济学宗旨的治理方式,因此这种规范具有社会适存性。环境法律倡导性规范具有环境法律强制性规范所不能比拟的诸多优点,可为现行环境事务管理提供新的思路,降低环境管理的成本,促进环境管理理念的转变,整合现行环境法律关系,通过肯定性评价引导主体的行为,完善环境法治体系等。第三部分,“我国环境法律倡导性规范的主要类型”。本部分通过对我国现行环境法律规范的归纳总结,主要将其分为五类:奖励类规范、指导类规范、经济扶持类规范、协议类规范、普及推广类规范。奖励类的规范是环境法律倡导性规范中最显著的表现形式,是环境法律倡导性规范的精髓所在。指导类规范、经济扶持类规范、协议类规范分别从不同的角度对环境相对人的行为进行引导,从而以相对缓和的方式来达到社会所追求的环境保护目的。第四部分,“我国环境法律倡导性规范的完善”,这部分是文章的结论部分,通过对四类环境法律倡导性规范的分析,提出应正确对待、合理配置环境法律倡导性规范,且应注重环境法律倡导性规范的实施效果,并针对每一类规范提出相应的完善建议,最终形成相对完善的环境法律倡导性规范体系。
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress of human society and science and technology, the construction of environmental rule of law has made vigorous development in our country. However, it is not expected by many environmental law makers that the effect of environmental governance is not satisfactory, and the environmental quality of our country is becoming more and more worrying. In the face of complicated environmental problems, it appears to be ineffective and constantly exposes its disadvantages. At this time, the governance mode of advocating sexual norms arises at the historic moment. The advocacy norms exist in a large number of realistic legislation and are increasing. However, as a new type of governance model, it seems not to have aroused enough attention from the theoretical circle.
The essence of the advocacy norm of environmental law is to emphasize the common governance of the government and the society and to arouse the enthusiasm of the people to guide the people's environmental behavior. This model helps the government to deal with the ever-changing environmental problems efficiently and truly realize the widespread public participation. Provide a unique path for environmental protection.
This article is divided into four parts:
The first part, "the concept and characteristics of environmental law advocacy norms", is mainly a brief exposition of environmental legal advocacy norms, enumerates the existence of a large number of advocacy norms in environmental laws in China, and defines it as "environmental law advocacy norm", which refers to environmental law. In the norm, it advocates, induces the parties to adopt specific behavior patterns, or not for some kind of behavior, in order to achieve a specific environmental goal. "The following is the characteristics of the prior, guiding, affirmative, policy and other characteristics of the environmental legal advocacy norms.
The second part, "social adaptation and value analysis of environmental law advocacy standard". This part believes that, due to the shortcomings of the traditional governance model and the requirements of the transformation of government functions, the necessity of environmental legal advocacy norms has its emergence, and from environmental awareness, environmental protection culture, legal economics and sustainable development. The theory of sustainable development points out that environmental legal advocacy standard is a way to govern the purpose of legal economics. Therefore, this standard has social adaptability. The advocacy standard of environmental law has many advantages unmatched by environmental law compulsory norms, which can provide new ideas for the current environmental affairs management and reduce the formation of environmental management. It promotes the transformation of the concept of environmental management, integrates the existing environmental legal relationship, guides the behavior of the main body through positive evaluation, and consummate the environmental rule by law system.
The third part, "the main type of China's environmental law advocacy standard". Through the summary of the current environmental legal norms of China, this part mainly divides it into five categories: the award class standard, the guidance class standard, the economic support class standard, the protocol class standard, the popularization and popularization class standard. The standard of the award class is the environmental law advocacy norm. The most significant form of expression is the essence of the environmental law advocacy norms. Guidance class norms, economic support class norms, the protocol category norms Guide the behavior of the relative people from different angles, so as to achieve the goal of environmental protection pursued by the society in a relatively mild way.
The fourth part, "the perfection of our country's environmental law advocacy standard", this part is the conclusion part of the article. Through the analysis of the four types of environmental legal advocacy norms, it is proposed that it should be treated correctly and rationally configure the environmental legal advocacy norms, and should pay attention to the implementation effect of the environmental law advocacy norms, and put forward a phase for each category of norms. Finally, a relatively perfect environmental legal advocacy standard system should be formed.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D912.6

【参考文献】