我国电子废弃物管理的立法构建

发布时间：2018-05-28 02:39

本文选题：电子废弃物 + 管理　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 随着电子产业技术水平日益快速的提高和社会对电子类消费产品需求的不断更新和膨胀,电子产品被废弃和淘汰的速度越来越快。伴随着信息技术快速发展的一个产物就是电子废弃物的产生。如何回收处理与资源化利用电子废弃物成为各国普遍关注的焦点问题。就世界范围而言,电子废弃物的增长速度相当快。电子废弃物是世界上增长最快的垃圾。报废的电子产品如果处理不当将会发生严重的后果,势必会导致潜在的环境污染。但是同时电子废弃物中又含有较多可以再利用的物质,如果能够有效的回收将会取得较好的经济效益和社会效益。步入21世纪以后我国已经是世界上家电生产大国和消费大国。随着我国经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,家电等电子产品的普及率越来越高,电子产品的报废数量也会随之不断增大。目前,我国家用电器和计算机社会总拥有量已经超过了100亿台。而我国电子废弃物回收市场处于相当分散无序的状态,主要以流动个体回收户走街串巷回收为主,还包括废旧物资回收和旧货经营企业直接回收、生产商通过以旧换新回收等。可以说,我国现有的电子废弃物回收体系由于没有明确生产商和消费者对电子废弃物回收的责任,缺乏有效的政府监督和法律约束,没有形成完善的回收网络体系,我国电子废弃物管理中存在着回收率低,回收成本高,且容易造成二次环境污染等方面的问题。为了避免电子废弃物对生态环境和人类生存环境的破坏,为了有效回收利用电子废弃物中的宝贵资源,营造一个生态文明的社会,是本文选题的目的所在。通过导论部分介绍了选题的背景、目的和意义,并对国外如欧盟、美国、日本的研究状况予以介绍,并对我国的研究现状也有简单的列举;再对电子废弃物的概念予以界定,分析了我国电子废弃物的特点。基于电子废弃物有危害性和可回收性双重特点,在立法上对其进行管理将是必然的趋势,继而对电子废弃物管理立法的必要性进行了阐述。要对电子废弃物的管理予以立法,就需要了解我国目前关于这方面有哪些法律法规,这些法律法规存在哪些不足之处,分析现状,发现问题。由于国外一些发达国家的相关立法比较先进和完善,因而主要针对欧盟、日本、美国、德国的法律规定进行了简单的研究,希望能对我国的电子废弃物立法有所启示。最后对完善我国电子废弃物管理立法构建的理论基础予以列举,之后提出了一些立法建议。并且对立法管理电子废弃物进行了展望,希望能够借此减少污染,保护环境。
[Abstract]:With the rapid improvement of the technology level of the electronic industry and the continuous renewal and expansion of the society's demand for electronic consumer products, the electronic products are being abandoned and eliminated more and more quickly. With the rapid development of information technology, a product is the generation of electronic waste. How to recycle and recycle electronic wastes has become the focus of attention in many countries. Worldwide, the growth rate of electronic waste is quite rapid. Electronic waste is the fastest growing waste in the world. If discarded electronic products are not handled properly, serious consequences will occur, which will inevitably lead to potential environmental pollution. But at the same time, the electronic waste also contains more materials which can be reused. If it can be recovered effectively, it will get better economic and social benefits. After entering the 21 st century, our country has already been the big country of household appliance production and consumption in the world. With the development of Chinese economy and the improvement of people's living standard, the popularization rate of electronic products such as household appliances is becoming higher and higher, and the number of scrapped electronic products will also increase. At present, the total number of household appliances and computer society has exceeded 10 billion units. The electronic waste recovery market in our country is in a rather scattered and disordered state, which mainly consists of mobile individual recyclers walking through streets and lanes, including recycling of waste materials and materials, direct recycling of used goods and business enterprises, and producers' recycling by exchanging old materials for new ones, and so on. It can be said that the existing e-waste recycling system in China has not clearly defined the responsibility of producers and consumers for e-waste recycling, lacks effective government supervision and legal constraints, and has not formed a sound recycling network system. There are some problems in electronic waste management in China, such as low recovery rate, high recovery cost and easy to cause secondary environmental pollution. In order to avoid the destruction of the ecological environment and human living environment by electronic waste, to effectively recycle the precious resources in the electronic waste and to create an ecological civilized society, the purpose of this paper is to choose the topic. This paper introduces the background, purpose and significance of the topic, introduces the research situation of foreign countries such as the European Union, the United States and Japan, and gives a brief list of the present research situation of our country, and then defines the concept of electronic waste. The characteristics of electronic wastes in China are analyzed. Based on the dual characteristics of harmfulness and recyclability of electronic wastes, it is an inevitable trend to manage them in legislation, and then the necessity of legislation of electronic waste management is expounded. In order to legislate the management of electronic wastes, it is necessary to know what laws and regulations exist in this respect, what are the shortcomings of these laws and regulations, analyze the present situation and find out the problems. Due to the relative legislation of some developed countries is more advanced and perfect, so mainly for the European Union, Japan, the United States, Germany for a simple study of the legal provisions, hoping to have some enlightenment to our legislation on electronic waste. Finally, the theoretical basis of improving the legislation construction of electronic waste management in China is listed, and some legislative suggestions are put forward. It also looks forward to the legislative management of electronic wastes, hoping to reduce pollution and protect the environment.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D922.68

【引证文献】