WTO制度下《美国2009年清洁能源与安全法案》国际储备配额制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 07:51

本文选题：《美国2009年清洁能源与安全法案》 + 国际储备配额制度　；参考：《中国政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着世界经济向着低碳环保方向的发展,对于气候变化与环境污染问题的关注也成为世界各国关注的焦点。在国际社会召开的各次气候变化大会上,因为发达国家与发展中国家利益博弈冲突,很难形成一致意见。在处理环境恶化和气候变暖的问题上,美国和欧盟等希望通过单边措施来遏制温室气体的排放和气候变暖问题,其中碳关税制度成为关注的焦点,通过观察现行立法状态,无论是美国还是欧盟,目前均未有针对高碳排放的产品实施特别的关税制度,可见通过关税限制形式现在正处于一种理论探讨的水平。但是美国众议院在2009年通过的《美国2009年清洁能源与安全法案》(The American Clean Energy and Security Act 2009)中提出了国际储备配额制度(International Reserve Allowance Program),通过对来自未采取与美国具有可比性减排措施的国家的产品进口到美国时候,进口商需要购买国际储备配额以抵消该类产品在生产过程中的温室气体排放,并去除因其无碳排放成本而造成相对与本国同类产品的竞争优势。本文采用字面解释、背景考察、实证法案研究及归纳推理、辩证分析等方法对国际储备配额制度进行了分析,并阐明了自己的观点,具体来说,文章分为以下五章:第一章主要对《美国2009年清洁能源法案》的产生背景、目的以及主要争议作以介绍,由此引出国际储备配额制度的基本理念;第二章对国际储备配额制度的特征进行分析,指出其实质上是贸易限制措施,并应该受到WTO制度约束;第三章对通过WTO制度下的边境税调整措施分类要求、非歧视原则要求对国际储备配额制度进行研究,得出其并不符合WTO制度下最惠国待遇原则、国民待遇原则要求;第四章对结合GATT1947第20条的规定,对国际储备配额制度能够通过一般例外规定获得合法地位进行分析,指出其难以获得GATT1947第20条一般例外原则的豁免。第五章主要是在以上章节的基础上,对我国应对国际储备配额制度提出一些建议和意见,主要认为中国应该在站在发展中国家的立场,坚持国际环境法上的共同但有区别责任、WTO制度上的发展中国家的特殊以及差别待遇原则,通过国际层面和国内层面两种角度来应对国际储备配额制度。
[Abstract]:With the development of the world economy towards low-carbon environmental protection, attention to climate change and environmental pollution has also become the focus of attention in the world. At the climate change conferences held by the international community, it is difficult to reach a consensus because of the conflict of interests between developed and developing countries. In dealing with the problems of environmental degradation and climate warming, the United States and the European Union hope to curb greenhouse gas emissions and global warming through unilateral measures. Among them, the carbon tariff system has become the focus of attention, and by observing the current legislative status, Neither the United States nor the European Union has implemented a special tariff regime for high-carbon products at present, so we can see that the form of tariff restrictions is now at a theoretical level. But in the 2009 Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009, the American Clean Energy and Security Act 2009, the US House of Representatives proposed an international reserve quota system, the International Reserve Allowance Program, through measures to reduce emissions that are not comparable to those adopted by the United States. When the products of Shih's countries were imported into the United States, Importers need to buy international reserve quotas to offset greenhouse gas emissions in the production process and eliminate the competitive advantage over their domestic counterparts due to the cost of their carbon-free emissions. This paper analyzes the international reserve quota system by means of literal interpretation, background investigation, empirical research and inductive reasoning, dialectical analysis, etc. The article is divided into the following five chapters: the first chapter mainly introduces the background, purpose and main controversy of the Clean Energy Act of 2009, which leads to the basic idea of the international reserve quota system; The second chapter analyzes the characteristics of the international reserve quota system, points out that it is essentially a trade restriction measure and should be bound by the WTO system, and the third chapter classifies the border tax adjustment measures under the WTO system. The principle of non-discrimination requires a study of the international reserve quota system, and it is concluded that it does not conform to the principle of most-favoured-nation treatment and the principle of national treatment under the WTO system. This paper analyzes that the international reserve quota system can obtain the legal status through the general exception, and points out that it is difficult to obtain the exemption from the general exception principle in Article 20 of GATT1947. The fifth chapter is mainly based on the above chapters, and puts forward some suggestions and opinions on China's international reserve quota system. It is mainly believed that China should stand in the position of developing countries. Adhere to the principle of special and differential treatment of developing countries in the WTO system and deal with the international reserve quota system from both the international level and the domestic level in accordance with the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities in international environmental law.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D971.2;DD912.6;D996.1

【相似文献】