行政主体在海洋石油污染中行政职责研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 21:44

本文选题：海洋石油污染 + 海洋环境保护　；参考：《大连海事大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近些年来,随着我国人口的增长以及消费水平的提高,为了满足人民日常生活的基本需要,为了促进经济的发展,我国已经将资源深度发展的目标逐步转向海洋。然而开发即伴随着风险,一次次损害后果严重的石油污染事故频发,这些事故的背后是无数人力、物力、财力的损失。如何能在海洋开发之初,使得人们注意到海洋环境保护的重要性和必要性,以避免造成更严重的污染,是当前的重要问题。蓬莱19-3溢油事故的严重后果,为今后海洋环境保护工作起到警示作用。这次事故暴露出来很多问题,我们在处理的同时,也应不断地思考。当前我国在海洋环境保护问题上,在行政职责方面,到底还存在哪些问题。本文即是由此展开了进一步的论述。本文主要有四方面的内容。第一章对本文涉及的相关的概念进行阐述,明晰了海洋石油污染、海洋行政主体及其行政职责。明确了本文主要论述的行政主体为国家环保部、各级海事局、各级海洋局。明确了行政职责的概念和这三类行政主体行政职责的划分。第二章简述了我国的相关立法现状,以蓬莱19-3溢油事故为例,分析了我国现有状况中所存在的不足,当前我国行政许可、行政处罚、行政听证程序存在不完善,行政主体信息公开机制不完善。笔者认为海洋石油污染的特殊性,三定方案和组织法的缺失,以及行政主体立法思想的滞后,是产生这种不足之处的原因。第三章结合美国海岸警卫队的主要行政职责,简单介绍了美国的《油污法》和《清洁水法》,较我国相关法律而言,其在行政处罚的范围和幅度、行政许可条件等方面,具有借鉴价值。第四章主要结合上文分析的原因和不足,提出了我国《海洋环境保护法》中行政责任部分的完善意见。这部分从三个角度提出完善建议。第一是各个行政主体完善自身"三定"方案并制定自身的行政组织法,由环保部牵头建议全国人大完善国务院组织法。第二则是完善相关程序立法,包括完善行程许可程序、行政处罚程序和行政听证程序,并由此调整完善行政主体的行政职责。第三,完善行政主体的行政执法过程,主要是完善行政主体的信息公开机制,弥补行政主体和行政相对人、普通公民之间的信息不对称的问题。我国丰富的海洋资源使我国经济发展具有了硬件上的优势,但同时,怎样保护和发挥好这项优势,才是今后工作的重点,希望本文涉及的内容为相关海洋环境保护的行政主体带来思考。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the growth of population and the improvement of consumption level, in order to meet the basic needs of people's daily life and promote the development of economy, China has gradually shifted the goal of deep development of resources to the sea. However, exploitation is accompanied by risks and frequent oil pollution accidents with serious damage consequences. Behind these accidents are numerous losses of manpower, material resources and financial resources. How to make people pay attention to the importance and necessity of marine environmental protection at the beginning of marine development in order to avoid more serious pollution is an important issue at present. The serious consequence of Penglai 19-3 oil spill accident will serve as a warning for marine environmental protection in the future. The accident exposed a lot of problems, we should deal with the same time, but also continue to think. At present, what problems still exist in marine environmental protection and administrative duties in China. This article is the development of further discussion. There are four aspects in this paper. The first chapter expounds the related concepts in this paper, and clarifies the pollution of offshore oil, the main body of marine administration and its administrative responsibilities. The main administrative bodies discussed in this paper are Ministry of Environmental Protection, Marine Bureau at all levels and Oceanographic Bureau at all levels. The concept of administrative responsibility and the division of administrative responsibilities of these three administrative subjects are clarified. The second chapter briefly describes the current legislation situation of our country, taking the Penglai 19-3 oil spill accident as an example, analyzes the shortcomings of the existing situation in our country, the current administrative license, administrative punishment, administrative hearing procedures are not perfect. The information disclosure mechanism of administrative subject is not perfect. The author thinks that the particularity of offshore oil pollution, the lack of three definite schemes and organic law, and the lag of administrative subject's legislative thought are the reasons for this deficiency. The third chapter briefly introduces the "Oil pollution Act" and the "Clean Water Law" of the United States combined with the main administrative duties of the United States Coast Guard. Compared with the relevant laws of our country, the scope and scope of administrative penalties, the conditions of administrative licensing, and so on, are discussed. It has reference value. The fourth chapter mainly combines the above analysis reason and the insufficiency, proposed our country "Marine Environment Protection Law" the administrative responsibility part consummates the opinion. This part puts forward the perfect suggestion from three angles. First, each administrative body should perfect its own "three definite" scheme and formulate its own administrative organic law, and the Ministry of Environmental Protection should take the lead to suggest the National people's Congress to perfect the organic law of the State Council. The second is to perfect the relevant procedural legislation, including the itinerary permit procedure, the administrative punishment procedure and the administrative hearing procedure, and thus adjust and perfect the administrative duties of the administrative subject. Third, to perfect the administrative law enforcement process of the administrative subject, mainly to perfect the information disclosure mechanism of the administrative subject, to make up for the problem of information asymmetry between the administrative subject and the administrative counterpart and the ordinary citizen. China's rich marine resources have given China's economic development an advantage in hardware, but at the same time, how to protect and give full play to this advantage is the focus of our future work. It is hoped that the contents of this paper will bring some thoughts to the administrative bodies concerned with marine environmental protection.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68

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