我国电子废弃物管理的法律完善

发布时间：2018-06-05 14:38

本文选题：电子废弃物 + 立法　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 当今时代是一个信息化的时代,信息化的发展以电子产品为载体,是人类社会发展到一定程度的产物。随着人们生活水平的不断提高,中国已进入了家电更新的高峰期。电子废弃物的数量正以惊人的速度增长,已成为固体废弃物的主要来源之一,对各国环境构成了很大威胁。但随着电子废弃物数量的增长,如何利用科技创新研发出新技术、新工艺,以便于更低成本、低污染、高效率地回收电子废弃物,已成为了全社会迫切关注的焦点问题。电子废物中含有有毒物质,如果回收利用或者处置不当,会对人类生存环境造成无法估量的破坏。但同时电子废弃物中又含有较多可回收可利用的物质,如果能够有效的回收利用将会取得较好的经济效益和社会效益。相比西方发达国家,我国的经济水平还比较落后,电子电器产品的人均占有量就相应不高,但是我国同样存在电子废弃物问题,而且还有日益恶化的趋势。我国电子废弃物回收体系处于比较分散无序的状态,主要以流动个体回收户走街串巷回收为主,还包括废旧物回收企业直接回收和生产商以旧换新回收等。回收体系的不健全导致电子废弃物不能得到很好的回收利用,造成了对环境的破坏,以及对人体的健康影响。究其原由,我国电子废弃物问题不能得到很好的解决与我国公民薄弱的环保意识、落后的环保技术水平以及不健全的法律制度体系等因素密不可分。其中,相应的法律制度的缺失是我国电子废弃物问题产生、存在、不断恶化的最主要原因。为了避免电子废弃物对人类生存环境的破坏,为了有效地回收利用电子废弃物,营造一个人与自然和谐共处的环境,是本文选题的目的所在。本文主要采用了文献梳理法、比较研究法及历史考察法来对电子废弃物的国内外研究现状进行了分析,由此得到一定的启示;并根据我国电子废弃物管理中出现的各种问题,提出了完善我国电子废弃物回收利用管理的立法建议,具体包括完善生产者、经营者、消费者和政府的相关责任,还有利用税收制度及市场准入制度来更好的管理电子废弃物回收;最后的结语部分对管理我国电子废弃物的法律完善进行展望,希望能够借此减少环境污染,保护我们的家园。
[Abstract]:The present era is an era of information. The development of informatization takes electronic products as the carrier and is the product of the development of human society to a certain extent. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, China has entered the peak of household appliances renewal. The quantity of electronic waste is increasing at an alarming rate, and has become one of the main sources of solid waste, which poses a great threat to the environment of various countries. However, with the increase of the quantity of e-waste, how to develop new technology and process by using scientific and technological innovation, so as to recycle e-waste with lower cost, lower pollution and higher efficiency, has become the focus of the whole society. Electronic waste contains toxic substances, if recycled or misdisposed, it will cause incalculable damage to human living environment. But at the same time, there are many recyclable materials in the electronic wastes. If they can be recycled effectively, they will get better economic and social benefits. Compared with the western developed countries, the economic level of our country is still relatively backward. The per capita share of electronic and electrical products is not high, but there is also the problem of electronic waste in China, and there is a worsening trend. The electronic waste recovery system of our country is in the state of being scattered and disordered. It mainly consists of floating individual recyclers walking along the street and recycling, including direct recycling of waste materials and recycling by producers of old for new and so on. Because of the unsoundness of the recycling system, the electronic waste can not be recycled well, which results in the damage to the environment and the impact on human health. The reason is that the problem of electronic waste in our country can not be solved well because of the weak consciousness of environmental protection, the backward level of environmental protection technology and the imperfect legal system and so on. Among them, the lack of corresponding legal system is the main cause of the problem of e-waste in our country. In order to avoid the damage of e-waste to human's living environment and to recycle the e-waste effectively, The purpose of this thesis is to create a harmonious environment between man and nature. This paper mainly adopts the literature combing method, the comparative research method and the historical investigation method to analyze the domestic and foreign research status of the electronic waste, and obtains the certain enlightenment from this, and according to the various problems in the management of the electronic waste in our country, The legislative suggestions to improve the management of recycling and utilization of electronic wastes in China are put forward, including the relevant responsibilities of producers, operators, consumers and the government. There is also the use of tax system and market access system to better manage the recycling of e-waste; the last part of the conclusion of the management of e-waste in China to improve the law, hoping to reduce environmental pollution, protect our homes.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.68

【参考文献】