城镇化进程中耕地生态补偿法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-09 00:31

本文选题：城镇化 + 耕地　；参考：《山西大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着城镇化进程的加快,非农用地挤占耕地现象突出,同时受传统保护自然资源模式影响,人们的关注点多在耕地资源的经济价值和社会价值,而忽视了耕地资源的生态价值。耕地资源的本质属性被忽视,带来耕地基础地力下降、耕地污染严重、水土流失等问题,制约了社会的可持续发展。因此,对耕地资源进行全方位保护的力度需要进一步加大。耕地生态补偿是综合考虑到耕地资源的生态价值、经济价值和社会价值这三方面因素的重要措施。然而,国内耕地生态补偿的相关理论和实践仍然处于探索阶段,从理论研究方面来说,耕地生态补偿的法学内涵、法律关系等问题亟待明确。从实践开展情况来看,我国目前的耕地生态补偿制度远远不能满足现实需求,迫切需要系统性的、科学的、行之有效的耕地生态补偿制度来指导具体实践。因此,完善耕地生态补偿相关法律制度是科学保护耕地的重要路径之一。本文结构如下:引言部分,主要论述三个方面的内容:第一,城镇化进程中耕地生态补偿法律问题研究的意义;第二,城镇化进程中耕地生态补偿相关问题研究综述;第三,城镇化进程中耕地生态补偿相关概念辨析。第一部分,根据当前学者研究城镇化进程中耕地生态补偿中存在的不足和在具体实践中遇到的问题来分析,城镇化进程中耕地生态补偿存在的法律问题主要有:1.城镇化进程中耕地生态补偿法学研究欠缺;2.城镇化进程中耕地生态补偿法律关系尚未厘清;3.城镇化进程中耕地生态补偿法定补偿标准尚未明确;4.城镇化进程中耕地生态补偿缺乏有效的法律监督。第二部分,从生态经济学及法学等多角度阐述城镇化进程中耕地生态补偿的理论基础。马克思主义理论基础主要指马克思主义生态哲学观和马克思地租理论;生态经济学理论基础主要指外部性理论和可持续发展理论;法学理论基础主要指法价值观理论。第三部分,通过研究上海市、山西省等地耕地生态补偿实践,从耕地生态保护补偿角度和耕地生态修复角度分析了在我国建立耕地生态补偿法律制度、明确耕地生态补偿法律关系、确立耕地生态补偿法定标准和健全耕地生态补偿法律监督机制的必要性。其中分别论述了地方样本的选样考量原因、实践内容和实践经验。第四部分,通过分析以美国、英国、德国、法国和日本为代表的国外耕地生态补偿实践,论述了国外耕地生态补偿实践对我国的几点借鉴意义:1.完备的耕地生态补偿法律制度是基础;2.多样化耕地生态补偿方式是重点;3.合理的耕地生态补偿监督机制是保障。结论部分,通过上述分析,完善我国城镇化进程中耕地生态补偿法律制度的基本思路主要有:1.明确耕地生态补偿法律关系;2.确立耕地生态补偿法定标准;3.健全耕地生态补偿法律监督机制;4.完善耕地生态补偿相关立法。笔者认为,明确耕地生态补偿法律关系可以促进耕地生态补偿落到实处;确立耕地生态补偿标准将促使我国耕地保护向更深层次推进;健全耕地生态补偿法律监督制度可以保障实现耕地保护“质”和“量”的统一。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization process, the phenomenon of non agricultural land occupying arable land is prominent, and influenced by the traditional protection of natural resources, people pay more attention to the economic value and social value of cultivated land resources, but neglect the ecological value of cultivated land resources. The nature of cultivated land is neglected, which brings about the decline of cultivated land base and the pollution of cultivated land. The serious pollution and soil erosion have restricted the sustainable development of the society. Therefore, the overall protection of cultivated land resources needs to be further strengthened. The ecological compensation of cultivated land is an important measure of the three aspects of the ecological value, economic value and social value of cultivated land. However, the ecological compensation of cultivated land in China The related theory and practice are still in the exploration stage. From the theoretical research, the legal connotation and legal relations of cultivated land ecological compensation need to be clearly defined. From the practice situation, the current cultivated land ecological compensation system in China is far from satisfying the actual needs and needs systematic, scientific and effective cultivated land students. State compensation system to guide the concrete practice. Therefore, to improve the legal system of cultivated land ecological compensation is one of the important ways to protect the cultivated land scientifically. The structure of this paper is as follows: the introduction part mainly discusses the contents of three aspects: first, the significance of the study on the legal problems of cultivated land ecological compensation in the process of urbanization; second, the cultivated land in the process of Urbanization Research summary of ecological compensation related issues; third, analysis of the related concepts of cultivated land ecological compensation in the process of urbanization. The first part, according to the current scholars study the shortage of cultivated land ecological compensation in the process of urbanization and the problems encountered in concrete practice, the legal problems of cultivated land ecological compensation in the process of urbanization are mainly related to the legal problems There are: 1. the lack of cultivated land ecological compensation law in the process of urbanization; 2. the legal relationship of cultivated land ecological compensation in the course of urbanization has not been clarified; the legal compensation standard of cultivated land ecological compensation in the course of 3. urbanization has not been clear; the ecological compensation of cultivated land in the course of 4. urbanization lacks effective legal supervision. The second part, from ecological economics and jurisprudence The theoretical basis of ecological compensation of cultivated land in the process of urbanization is expounded. The basis of Marx's theory mainly refers to the theory of Marx's ecological philosophy and the theory of Marx's land rent; the basis of the theory of ecological economics mainly refers to the theory of externality and the theory of sustainable development; the basic principle of law is the theory of value concept. The third part The ecological compensation practice of cultivated land in Shanghai and Shanxi province is studied. From the angle of ecological protection compensation of cultivated land and the angle of cultivated land ecological restoration, the legal system of cultivated land ecological compensation is set up in our country, the legal relationship of cultivated land ecological compensation is clear, the legal standard of cultivated land ecological compensation is established and the legal supervision mechanism of cultivated land ecological compensation is perfect. The fourth part, through the analysis of the ecological compensation practice of cultivated land in the United States, Britain, Germany, France and Japan, discussed the reference significance of the practice of ecological compensation for cultivated land abroad for our country: 1. complete ecological compensation method of cultivated land. The law system is the foundation; 2. the ecological compensation method of diversified cultivated land is the key; 3. reasonable farmland ecological compensation supervision mechanism is the guarantee. The conclusion part, through the above analysis, the basic ideas of improving the legal system of cultivated land ecological compensation in the process of urbanization in China are as follows: 1. clear the legal relationship of farmland ecological compensation; 2. establish the ecological compensation of cultivated land. Legal standards; 3. to improve the legal supervision mechanism of ecological compensation for cultivated land; 4. to improve the legislation of ecological compensation for cultivated land. The author believes that the clear legal relationship of cultivated land ecological compensation can promote the implementation of cultivated land ecological compensation; the establishment of cultivated land ecological compensation standard will promote the protection of cultivated land to a deeper level, and improve the law of cultivated land ecological compensation. The supervision system can guarantee the unity of "quality" and "quantity" of cultivated land protection.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68

【参考文献】