环境污染侵权诉讼证据若干问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-11 23:47

本文选题：环境污染 + 环境污染侵权诉讼　；参考：《中南林业科技大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：根据环境污染的性质与环境污染侵权诉讼案件的特点,环境污染侵权案件的诉讼证据具有科学技术性、生态性、易逝性、隐蔽性、复杂性、专业性等方面的特点。当发生环境污染侵权诉讼时,人民法院是否决定立案受理需要当事人根据法律的规定提供相应的事实和材料；现行要求提供“主要证据”的立案条件过高,法院应当只形式审查起诉证据。环境污染侵权诉讼证据的保全,需要符合现行一般证据保全制度规定的保全条件；污染侵权诉讼当事人对其是否符合证据保全的条件不承担举证责任,但应当对其申请符合证据保全条件予以充分说明；应当构建环境污染诉讼案件诉前证据保全制度,赋予环境污染受害人诉前申请证据保全的权利；强化污染侵权诉讼证据保全中商业与技术秘密的保护相比于一般侵权诉讼,环境污染侵权诉讼举证制度的特殊性主要体现在举证责任的分配方面；法律规定环境污染侵权诉讼实行严格责任与举证责任倒置原则；原告证明被告实施环境污染行为与遭受人身、财产损害事实,及可能举出的的具体证据,被告证明自己符合法律规定的不承担责任或者减轻责任的情形与自己的行为与损害之间不存在因果关系,及可能举出的的具体证据。在证据收集的具体手段、方式上,法律只有原则性的规定,没有赋予当事人任何具体的收集手段、方式,使当事人收集证据的权利空洞化、抽象化；以原告完成相当程度的举证作为实行举证责任倒置、因果关系推定的前提与原告完成举证责任“高度盖然性”的证明标准,导致举证责任倒置解决受害人举证难的效果大打折扣；原告无需证明初步因果关系的存在,但应当证明污染行为与损害后果之间存在“表面的可能的联系”。可以尝试培养专业环境污染诉讼律师、构建环境污染受害人法律援助机制、发挥环境行政机关在证据收集、保全上的作用,一定程度上解决举证难问题。环境污染侵权诉讼证据的特殊性与审判人员缺乏相应知识背景,导致环境污染侵权诉讼出现认证难。建议建立专家证人参与庭审、选拔环境污染专家型陪审员、建立环保NGO支持机制、制定环境健康与生态损害标准等方面的制度,全面解决污染侵权诉讼认证难问题。
[Abstract]:According to the nature of environmental pollution and the characteristics of environmental pollution tort litigation cases, the evidence of environmental pollution infringement cases has the characteristics of science and technology, ecology, perishable, concealment and complexity. When the environmental pollution tort litigation occurs, whether the people's court decides to file the case for acceptance requires the parties to provide the relevant facts and materials according to the provisions of the law; The current requirement for providing "main evidence" is too high, the court should only examine the prosecution evidence. The preservation of evidence in environmental pollution tort litigation needs to conform to the preservation conditions stipulated in the current general evidence preservation system. A party to a pollution tort lawsuit shall not bear the burden of proof as to whether he meets the conditions for the preservation of evidence, but shall fully explain his application for meeting the conditions of preservation of evidence, and shall establish a system of preservation of evidence prior to litigation in an environmental pollution lawsuit, To grant the environmental pollution victim the right to apply for the preservation of evidence before litigation, and to strengthen the protection of commercial and technical secrets in the preservation of evidence in the pollution infringement lawsuit as compared with the general tort lawsuit. The particularity of the proof system of environmental pollution tort litigation is mainly embodied in the distribution of the burden of proof, the law stipulates that the strict liability and the inversion of the burden of proof shall be applied in the environmental pollution tort litigation. The plaintiff certifies the fact that the defendant carried out an act of environmental pollution and suffered personal and property damage, as well as any specific evidence that may be adduced, The defendant proves that there is no causal relationship between his or her conduct and damage and any concrete evidence that may be adduced in the circumstances in which he or she is not liable or mitigated in accordance with the law. In the concrete means and ways of collecting evidence, the law has only the stipulation of principle, it does not give the parties any specific means of collecting evidence, so that the rights of the parties to collect evidence are empty and abstracted; Taking the plaintiff's completion of a certain degree of proof as the standard of proof inversion, the premise of causality presumption and the proof standard of "high probability" of the plaintiff's completion of the burden of proof, The effect of causing the reversal of the burden of proof to solve the victim's burden of proof is greatly compromised; the plaintiff does not need to prove the existence of a preliminary causal relationship, but should prove that there is a "superficial possible link" between the act of pollution and the consequences of the damage. We can try to train professional lawyers for environmental pollution litigation, construct legal aid mechanism for victims of environmental pollution, and give play to the role of environmental administrative organs in the collection and preservation of evidence. The particularity of the evidence of environmental pollution tort lawsuit and the lack of the corresponding knowledge background of the judges lead to the difficulty of certification in the environmental pollution tort lawsuit to a certain extent. It is suggested that expert witnesses should be set up to participate in court hearings, environmental pollution expert jurors should be selected, environmental protection NGO support mechanism should be set up, and environmental health and ecological damage standards should be formulated, so as to solve the problem of certification of pollution infringement litigation in an all-round way.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.68;D925.1

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