论农民环境利益的法律保护

发布时间：2018-06-12 18:18

本文选题：农民环境利益 + 环境正义　；参考：《西南政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前我国立法对农民环境利益缺乏必要关怀,现行的环境法律法规主要适宜城市环境保护治理。农村环境受农业污染以及城市污染转移的影响,生态环境受损严重。鉴于农民对自然环境的双重依赖,即作为生活条件以及生产资料的依赖,使得农民相比城市居民对环境的依赖程度更高。而在长期的城乡二元制发展模式下,农民已经成为环境弱势群体。在环境保护日益受到重视的今天,农民不能再被摈弃在环境保护制度之外。农民与城市居民是平等的法律主体,应当享有平等的法律权利,农民环境利益应当受到法律的同等保护。基于此,本文以环境正义以及可持续发展为价值指引,研究了农民环境利益的法律保护问题,旨在使农民能够公平地分享环境利益。本文共分五个部分。第一部分是对农民环境利益的界定。本部分首先就环境利益这一概念进行分析,由此得出环境利益即是人类对环境的需求。然后,是对农民环境利益的界定,具体阐述了农民环境利益的含义、分类,以及农民环境利益相较于一般环境利益的特殊性。第二部分从法理及实证两方面就保护农民环境利益的必要性进行了分析。就法理分析而言,主要从环境正义的实现、农民生存权的保护两个方面展开;实证分析则主要从保障农民生命健康,促进农业发展及农民增收,以及维护农村社会环境安定三个方面进行了阐述。第三部分是农民环境利益保护的比较法考察及借鉴。首先,对发达国家在农村环境保护方面的制度经验进行了介绍,然后,从明确的立法指导思想、完备的环境立法,较高的环境标准以及建立相应体制保障各项制度的落实三个方面对我国立法的经验启示进行了总结。第四部分是我国农民环境利益法律保护的现状考察。本部分在对当前我国农民环境利益保护相关法律规定阐述的基础上,总结了当前我国立法中所存在的问题。第五部分主要是就前述所存在的问题提出立法建议。具体来说,就是应在以人为本、公平正义以及可持续发展理念的指引下进行立法完善,并从实体和程序两方面出发,完善农民环境利益保护的相关制度。
[Abstract]:At present, the legislation of our country lacks the necessary care for the farmers' environmental interests, and the current environmental laws and regulations are mainly suitable for the urban environmental protection and management. The rural environment is affected by agricultural pollution and urban pollution transfer, the ecological environment is seriously damaged. In view of the dual dependence of farmers on the natural environment, that is, as a living condition and as a means of production, farmers are more dependent on the environment than urban residents. In the long-term development model of urban and rural dual system, farmers have become environmental vulnerable groups. In today's environment protection, farmers can no longer be abandoned outside the environmental protection system. Farmers and urban residents are equal legal subjects, should enjoy equal legal rights, farmers' environmental interests should be equally protected by the law. Based on this, this paper, guided by the value of environmental justice and sustainable development, studies the legal protection of farmers' environmental interests in order to enable them to share environmental benefits equitably. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part is the definition of farmers' environmental interests. This part firstly analyzes the concept of environmental interest, and concludes that environmental interest is human's demand for environment. Then, it defines the farmers' environmental interests, expounds the meaning, classification, and particularity of the farmers' environmental interests compared with the general environmental interests. The second part analyzes the necessity of protecting farmers' environmental interests from legal and empirical aspects. As far as legal theory analysis is concerned, it mainly starts from two aspects: the realization of environmental justice and the protection of farmers' right to subsistence, while the empirical analysis mainly focuses on protecting the life and health of farmers, promoting agricultural development and increasing farmers' income. As well as maintaining rural social environment stability three aspects are expounded. The third part is the comparative study and reference of the protection of farmers' environmental interests. First of all, it introduces the institutional experience of developed countries in rural environmental protection, and then, from a clear legislative guiding ideology, complete environmental legislation, This paper summarizes the experience and enlightenment of our country's legislation from three aspects: higher environmental standard and the implementation of the corresponding system. The fourth part is the current situation of the legal protection of farmers' environmental interests. On the basis of expounding the relevant laws and regulations on the protection of farmers' environmental interests, this part summarizes the problems existing in the current legislation of our country. The fifth part is to put forward legislative suggestions on the problems mentioned above. Specifically, we should perfect legislation under the guidance of people-oriented, fair and just, and sustainable development concept, and perfect the relevant system of farmers' environmental interests protection from the aspects of entity and procedure.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.68

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