矿产资源有偿使用法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-12 18:38

本文选题：矿产资源 + 有偿使用　；参考：《中国政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：矿产资源是重要的自然资源,是社会生产发展的重要物质基础,现代社会人们的生产和生活都离不开矿产资源。我国是一个矿产资源大国,但我国人口众多且矿产资源属于非可再生资源,对矿产资源的合理开发利用及保护显得尤为重要。长期以来,我国矿产资源一直被无偿或者廉价使用,这既是导致矿产资源衰竭和生态环境质量恶化的原因,也不利于矿产资源在国民经济与社会发展中发挥最大的效益,与我国社会主义市场经济体制不相适应。所以,建立和完善我国的矿产资源有偿使用法律制度势在必行。总结我国现有矿产资源有偿使用制度的问题,并借鉴国外矿业发达国家资源有偿使用的制度安排,顺应世界矿业的发展潮流并结合我国矿业的实际情况,建立完善的矿产资源有偿使用制度,具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。首先,有利于澄清矿业权及矿产资源有偿使用的理论问题;其次,通过研究矿产资源有偿使用制度的完善,有利于充分维护国家的矿产资源所有者权益;再次,有利于矿产资源的保护,防止环境污染和生态破坏。矿产资源的有偿使用,一方面有利于国家矿产资源所有权的实现,另一方面可以促进矿产资源的合理开发利用和生态环境的保护。矿业权理论、矿产资源本身的价值、矿产资源开发过程中的外部性以及矿产资源开发过程中的可持续发展原则都决定了矿产资源必须进行有偿有用。我国已经初步形成矿产资源有偿使用法律制度的框架,但相关立法规定不完善,存在矿业权取得的双轨制、矿产资源有偿使用的税费制度不尽合理、矿产资源开发过程中忽视环境保护等问题。为了充分有效地实现国家矿产资源所有权,并促进矿产资源的合理开发利用及生态环境的保护,我国迫切需要完善矿产资源有偿使用法律制度。在分析我国矿产资源有偿使用法律制度所存在问题的基础上,我们还需借鉴国外关于此制度的先进经验。同时充分考虑我国具体国情、平衡中央与地方利益、处理好矿产资源有偿使用与矿山企业承担的其他税费的关系,并注重以现行法为依据,协调相关法律之间的关系。在改革和完善我国矿产资源有偿使用法律制度的过程中,需要统一矿业权取得的市场,改革现有矿产资源有偿使用的税费制度,建立权利金制度和矿山环境恢复保证金制度,建立和健全我国的矿产资源有偿使用法律制度。矿产资源有偿使用法律制度的完善对我国矿产资源的立法提出了新的要求,而我国《矿产资源法》的修改也应当为矿产资源有偿使用法律制度的完善提供有力的法律保障。
[Abstract]:Mineral resources are important natural resources and important material basis for the development of social production. People's production and life in modern society can not be separated from mineral resources. China is a large country of mineral resources, but China has a large population and mineral resources belong to non-renewable resources, the rational exploitation and protection of mineral resources is particularly important. For a long time, mineral resources in our country have been used for free or cheaply, which is not only the cause of mineral resource exhaustion and deterioration of ecological environment quality, but also unfavorable to the maximum benefit of mineral resources in the development of national economy and society. With our country socialism market economy system does not adapt. Therefore, it is imperative to establish and perfect the legal system of paid use of mineral resources in China. This paper summarizes the problems existing in the system of paid use of mineral resources in our country, and draws lessons from the institutional arrangements of the paid use of resources of developed countries in foreign mining industry, conforms to the trend of the development of the world's mining industry and combines the actual situation of our country's mining industry. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to establish a perfect system of paid use of mineral resources. First of all, it is helpful to clarify the theoretical problems of mineral rights and the paid use of mineral resources; secondly, by studying the perfection of the system of paid use of mineral resources, it is conducive to the full protection of the rights and interests of the country's owners of mineral resources. It is beneficial to the protection of mineral resources and to prevent environmental pollution and ecological destruction. On the one hand, the paid use of mineral resources is conducive to the realization of national mineral resources ownership, on the other hand, it can promote the rational exploitation and utilization of mineral resources and the protection of ecological environment. The theory of mining rights, the value of mineral resources themselves, the externalities in the process of mineral resources development and the principles of sustainable development in the process of mineral resources development all decide that mineral resources must be paid for use. China has initially formed the framework of the legal system for the paid use of mineral resources, but the relevant legislative provisions are not perfect, there is a two-track system for obtaining mining rights, and the tax and fee system for the paid use of mineral resources is not entirely reasonable. Environmental protection is neglected in the process of mineral resources development. In order to fully and effectively realize the ownership of mineral resources and promote the rational exploitation and utilization of mineral resources and the protection of ecological environment, China urgently needs to improve the legal system for the compensated use of mineral resources. On the basis of analyzing the problems existing in the legal system of paid use of mineral resources in China, we need to draw lessons from the advanced experiences of foreign countries on this system. At the same time, we should consider the specific situation of our country, balance the interests of the central and local governments, deal with the relationship between the paid use of mineral resources and other taxes and fees borne by the mining enterprises, and pay attention to the relationship between the relevant laws based on the existing laws. In the process of reforming and perfecting the legal system for the paid use of mineral resources in China, it is necessary to unify the market for obtaining mining rights, reform the existing tax and fee system for the paid use of mineral resources, establish the system of royalty and gold and the system of deposit for the restoration of mine environment. Establish and perfect our country's legal system for the paid use of mineral resources. The perfection of the legal system for the compensated use of mineral resources puts forward new requirements for the legislation of mineral resources in China, and the revision of the Law on Mineral Resources in China should also provide a strong legal guarantee for the perfection of the legal system of the paid use of mineral resources.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.62;F426.1

【引证文献】