环境影响评价制度在水电开发中的实施效果分析

发布时间：2018-07-03 07:02

本文选题：环境影响评价制度 + 水电开发　；参考：《南京工业大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：水电作为优质清洁的可再生能源在我国有良好的发展前景。到2010年底我国的水电装机已经达到两亿多千瓦。其中三分之一是对环境友好的，是世界所大力推荐的小水电，这在中国能源结构调整中起到了极大的作用。我国水利水电科技水平显著提高，技术已达到国际先进水平，但是在大力发展水电的同时我们必须要意识到它也带给我们环境压力，要正视环境影响评价制度在水电开发中的重要作用，并将其贯彻落实，这样才能可持续的发展我国的水电事业。环境影响评价制度是从源头控制环境污染和生态破坏的法律手段，《环境影响评价法》的实施对于推进产业合理布局和企业的优化选址，预防开发建设活动可能产生的环境污染和破坏，发挥了不可替代的积极作用。水电是清洁可再生能源，鼓励开发水电，，这是我国基于水电所占能源比例和能源结构的必然选择。我国的水电开发正处于建设高峰期，我们在看到水电开发所带来的巨大经济利益之时，更要理性的看到水电开发对环境和社会利益造成的巨大影响。随着我国市场经济体制的建立和依法治国观念的深入，运用行政手段来协调这些利益冲突的难度越来越大、有效性越来越差。因此，需运用法律手段来平衡这些利益冲突，通过立法建立相应的利益调控机制和法律制度，使水电开发中的利益规范化、法律化，以充分调动各类利益主体保护水资源的积极性和主动性，并预防和化解纠纷，实现人与自然、人与社会的和谐发展，这就需要在实践中不断完善水电开发中的环境影响评价制度。从目前环境影响评价制度在水电开发中的实践效果来看，其中取得了一些好的成效，但更多的还是存在实施效果差的尴尬困境。本文从水电开发环境影响评价制度的发展入手，了解环境影响评价制度的现状，并借鉴国外的先进经验为完善我国的环境影响评价制度做指导。文章主要是对我国环境影响评价制度在水电开发中的实施效果进行分析，指出其中取得的好的效果和已经存在的不足之处，然后从完善公众参与制度、健全环评责任、环评行政诉讼制度等方面进行了具体论述，来丰富和完善我国水电开发中的环境影响评价制度。
[Abstract]:As a high quality and clean renewable energy, hydropower has a good prospect in China. By the end of 2010, China's hydropower installation has reached more than 200 million kilowatts. Among them, 1/3 is environmentally friendly and highly recommended by the world, which plays a great role in the adjustment of China's energy structure. The level of water conservancy and hydropower technology in China has improved significantly, and the technology has reached the international advanced level. However, while vigorously developing hydropower, we must realize that it also brings us environmental pressure. It is necessary to face up to the important role of environmental impact assessment system in hydropower development and implement it so as to develop the hydropower industry of our country sustainably. The environmental impact assessment system is a legal means to control the environmental pollution and ecological damage from the source. The implementation of the Environmental impact Assessment Law can promote the rational layout of the industry and the optimization of the location of the enterprise. Prevention of possible environmental pollution and damage from development and construction activities has played an irreplaceable and positive role. Hydropower is a clean and renewable energy to encourage the development of hydropower, which is an inevitable choice based on the proportion of energy and energy structure of hydropower in China. Hydropower development in China is in the peak of construction. When we see the huge economic benefits brought by hydropower development, we should see the huge impact of hydropower development on the environment and social interests. With the establishment of market economy system and the deepening of the concept of governing the country according to law, it is more and more difficult to coordinate these conflicts of interest by administrative means, and its effectiveness is getting worse and worse. Therefore, it is necessary to use legal means to balance these conflicts of interest, to establish the corresponding interest regulation mechanism and legal system through legislation, to standardize and legalize the interests in hydropower development. In order to fully mobilize the enthusiasm and initiative of various stakeholders to protect water resources, to prevent and resolve disputes, and to realize the harmonious development of man and nature, man and society, Therefore, it is necessary to improve the environmental impact assessment system in hydropower development in practice. According to the practical effect of the current environmental impact assessment system in hydropower development, some good results have been achieved, but there is still more awkward dilemma of poor implementation effect. This paper starts with the development of environmental impact assessment system for hydropower development, understands the present situation of environmental impact assessment system, and draws lessons from foreign advanced experience to guide the improvement of environmental impact assessment system in China. This paper mainly analyzes the implementation effect of environmental impact assessment system in hydropower development in China, and points out the good results and existing deficiencies, and then from perfecting the system of public participation and perfecting the responsibility of environmental impact assessment, In order to enrich and perfect the environmental impact assessment system in hydropower development, the system of administrative litigation is discussed in detail.
【学位授予单位】：南京工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.67

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