藏族传统生态文明与藏区生态补偿法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 06:01

本文选题：藏族传统生态文明 + 藏区　；参考：《兰州理工大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国藏区地处青藏高原,气候状况复杂多变,生态环境脆弱、敏感。在这种自然条件下,人类的破坏行为极易造成生态环境的迅速恶化,产生崩溃性的失衡。同时,我国藏区生态又是我国生态安全的重要屏障之一。它处于我国大江大河的源头,对中国乃至亚洲的生态调节有着重要的作用。一旦我国藏区的生态环境遭到破坏,其产生的负面影响将会扩散到整个黄河和长江流域,进而对中华民族的生存与发展产生重大影响。近些年来,政府在藏区已建立若干生态保护区,但由于没有完善的生态补偿标准和机制,导致生态保护区内居民生产生活权益的损伤。同时,在藏区建立生态补偿机制的过程中由于缺少以“生态信仰”为核心的生态补偿精神内涵,使现有的补偿制度在贯彻落实中没有完全得到藏区群众的理解和信服,这使得我国藏区的生态补偿在制定和执行的实践过程中出现了一些相关问题。由于我国藏区生态环境的特殊性和社会构成的特殊性,解决藏区生态补偿问题必须跳出常规法理学中的思路,从藏区的人口、资源、社会、文化等角度出发,立足于当地的实际情况来解决问题。尤其是要重视藏族传统生态文明中所体现出来的生态保护思想,以此为重要参考依据,重塑藏区生态补偿制度。藏族传统生态文明植根于以藏传佛教、藏族道德和藏族习惯法为代表的藏族传统文化中,蕴含着丰富的现代生态理念。同时,藏区群众对其本土文化的感情和信仰使我们应当重新审视这种文化的特殊价值。从藏族传统生态文明中提炼出藏区生态补偿制度的精神内涵和价值底蕴,参考藏族传统生态文明中所蕴含的生态补偿经验及其对当代生态补偿的启示,可以对当今藏区生态补偿制度的构建起到重要的作用。本文首先介绍了生态补偿的相关理论、藏区实行生态补偿的重要性及我国藏区生态补偿中存在的若干问题。然后从生态人类学的角度出发,对藏族传统生态文明的源流进行考察,总结藏族传统生态文明中的物质、精神、制度和行为文明,并在此基础上,提出藏区生态补偿制度构建的人文向度。本文的重点是通过发掘、总结藏民族在历史过程中形成的传统生态文明,以更好的完善藏区生态补偿法律制度,使藏族传统生态文明,在当今藏区生态保护中发挥重要的作用。
[Abstract]:Tibetan region in China is located on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, the climate is complex and changeable, the ecological environment is fragile and sensitive. In this natural condition, human destructive behavior is easy to cause the rapid deterioration of ecological environment, resulting in collapse imbalance. At the same time, the ecology of Tibetan area is one of the important barriers of ecological security in our country. It is located at the source of the great rivers in China and plays an important role in the ecological regulation of China and even Asia. Once the ecological environment of Tibetan region in our country is destroyed, the negative influence will spread to the whole Yellow River and Yangtze River basin, which will have a great impact on the survival and development of the Chinese nation. In recent years, the government has established a number of ecological protection areas in Tibet, but there is no perfect ecological compensation standards and mechanisms, resulting in the damage of production and life rights and interests of residents in the ecological reserve. At the same time, in the course of establishing ecological compensation mechanism in Tibetan area, due to the lack of ecological compensation spirit connotation with "ecological belief" as the core, the existing compensation system has not been fully understood and convinced by the people in Tibetan area. This makes the ecological compensation of Tibetan areas in China in the formulation and implementation of the practice of some related problems. Because of the particularity of ecological environment and the particularity of social composition in Tibetan region, to solve the problem of ecological compensation in Tibetan area, we must jump out of the thought of conventional jurisprudence and proceed from the aspects of population, resources, society and culture of Tibetan area. Solve the problem on the basis of the actual situation on the ground. In particular, we should attach importance to the ecological protection thought embodied in the Tibetan traditional ecological civilization, and take this as an important reference basis to reshape the ecological compensation system in Tibetan areas. Tibetan traditional ecological civilization is rooted in Tibetan traditional culture represented by Tibetan Buddhism, Tibetan morality and Tibetan customary law, which contains rich modern ecological ideas. At the same time, the feelings and beliefs of Tibetan people towards their native culture make us re-examine the special value of this culture. The spiritual connotation and value of the ecological compensation system in Tibetan area are extracted from the Tibetan traditional ecological civilization. The ecological compensation experience contained in the Tibetan traditional ecological civilization and its enlightenment to the contemporary ecological compensation are consulted. It can play an important role in the construction of ecological compensation system in Tibetan area. This paper first introduces the relevant theories of ecological compensation, the importance of ecological compensation in Tibetan areas and some problems in ecological compensation in Tibetan areas in China. Then, from the angle of ecological anthropology, the origin of Tibetan traditional ecological civilization is investigated, and the material, spiritual, institutional and behavioral civilization in Tibetan traditional ecological civilization is summarized, and on this basis, This paper puts forward the humanistic dimension of constructing ecological compensation system in Tibetan area. The emphasis of this paper is to sum up the traditional ecological civilization formed by the Tibetan nationality in the course of history so as to perfect the legal system of ecological compensation in the Tibetan area and make the traditional ecological civilization of the Tibetan nationality play an important role in the ecological protection of the Tibetan area today.
【学位授予单位】：兰州理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：X2;D922.6

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