我国环境押金制度研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 10:30

本文选题：环境押金 + 固体废物　；参考：《中南林业科技大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：面对日益严重的具有潜在污染性的产品和包装造成的环境污染,我国缺乏对其回收利用和安全处置的法律机制,为此,需要构建我国环境押金制度以防治由废弃产品造成的环境污染。环境押金制度是指对具有潜在污染的产品(包括其包装)在销售时征收一定的押金,如果通过回收这些产品或把它们的残余物送到指定的回收系统后达到了避免污染的目的,就将押金返还给被征收者,否则就将其作为治理污染的费用。环境押金制度借用了普通押金制度的概念、形式和运作机制,但从法律性质上讲,其主体和主体间的权利(力)义务内容已超出了民事法律的范畴,契合了环境法的公法性质。通过环境押金与环境税、环境基金和环境保险这三大环境经济手段的比较分析可知,环境押金制度在环境污染的预防和资源的循环利用上有其独特的制度优势。在理论基础方面,环境外部性理论和生产者责任延伸原则为环境押金制度的构建提供了坚实的理论基础。在制度应用方面,环境押金制度在西方国家应用广泛,并在预防固体废物污染方面获得了极大的成功。德国、瑞典和美国的环境押金制度在适用范围、押金收取返还机构的确定、回收系统的构建与运行方式、政府监管、押金系统运行费用来源等方面各具特色,对我国的环境押金制度构建具有借鉴作用。另外,构建我国环境押金制度有其必要性和可行性。我国环境污染和废物利用的现状以及现行法律制度中固体废物的处置回收落实机制的缺乏使得构建我国的环境押金制度成为必要。构建我国环境押金制度的可行性体现在：构建我国环境押金制度有政策依据和现实基础；环境押金制度本身的经济合理性；环境押金制度的弊端能通过政策选择予以规避。因此,借鉴国外经验,根据我国实际情况,环境押金制度的构建可以从以下四个方面着手：环境押金制度的的立法模式的选择、环境押金制度的原则的确立、环境押金制度的具体内容和环境押金制度的配套制度。
[Abstract]:In the face of increasingly serious environmental pollution caused by potentially polluting products and packaging, China lacks legal mechanisms for its recycling and safe disposal. It is necessary to construct environmental deposit system to prevent and cure environmental pollution caused by discarded products. An environmental deposit system refers to the imposition of a deposit on the sale of potentially polluting products, including their packaging, if the purpose of avoiding pollution is achieved by recycling these products or sending their residues to a designated recovery system, The deposit will be returned to the levy, or it will be the cost of pollution control. The environmental deposit system borrows the concept, form and operation mechanism of the ordinary deposit system, but from the legal nature, the content of the rights (force) obligation between the subject and the subject has gone beyond the scope of civil law, which accords with the nature of public law of environmental law. Through the comparative analysis of environmental deposit and environmental tax, environmental fund and environmental insurance, it can be seen that the environmental deposit system has its unique institutional advantages in the prevention of environmental pollution and the recycling of resources. On the theoretical basis, the environmental externality theory and the extended principle of producer responsibility provide a solid theoretical basis for the construction of environmental deposit system. In the aspect of system application, environmental deposit system has been widely used in western countries, and has been a great success in the prevention of solid waste pollution. The environmental deposit system in Germany, Sweden and the United States has its own characteristics in terms of the scope of application, the determination of the deposit collection and return agencies, the construction and operation of the recovery system, government supervision, and the source of operating expenses for the deposit system. It can be used for reference to the construction of environmental deposit system in China. In addition, the construction of environmental deposit system has its necessity and feasibility. The current situation of environmental pollution and waste utilization in our country and the lack of mechanism of solid waste disposal and recovery in the current legal system make it necessary to set up an environmental deposit system in our country. The feasibility of constructing the environmental deposit system of our country is reflected in the following aspects: the policy basis and the realistic basis for the construction of the environmental deposit system in China; the economic rationality of the environmental deposit system itself; and the drawbacks of the environmental deposit system can be avoided through the policy choice. Therefore, drawing lessons from foreign experience, according to the actual situation of our country, the construction of the environmental deposit system can be started from the following four aspects: the choice of the legislative model of the environmental deposit system, the establishment of the principles of the environmental deposit system, The specific contents of the environmental deposit system and the supporting system of the environmental deposit system.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.68;D923;X321

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