论风险预防原则在我国环境保护立法中的确立

发布时间：2018-07-11 10:38

本文选题：风险预防原则 + 技术性贸易壁垒　；参考：《南昌大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：风险预防原则作为一项重要的环境保护原则,它的国际地位已经得到迅速提升,该原则试图在人类健康、经济发展、社会进步和环境保护之间达到一种合理的平衡状态。人类的发展必须依靠环境的保护,人类与环境的相互作用定会给环境带来相应的影响,而良好的环境是人类从事一切活动的基础。所以,为了解决日益严重和复杂的环境问题,世界各国都在以各种方式积极应对这一全球性问题,风险预防原则就是在这一特定的历史条件下产生并发展的。现今,国际上多数国家和地区已经就环境风险从立法等多方面着手确立了“风险预防原则”,多种国际公约均主张在处理与环境有关的问题时,应考虑以实现最大限度的保护环境利益为首要因素。我国政府向来十分重视维护良好的环境,为实现我国宪法第二十六条的规定：“国家保护和改善生活环境和生态环境,防治污染和其他公害”,为保护公民的生存环境,在我国确立该原则是势在必行的。笔者认为,世界各国普遍关注全球性的环境风险问题,而发达国家更是逐渐扩大了风险预防原则的适用范围,给我国经济社会的发展带来了双重影响。目前,我国尚未将风险预防原则作为基本的环境保护原则纳入环境保护立法体系,特别是在全球化问题多样以及国际贸易迅猛发展的今天,面对新型的国际贸易壁垒等问题我国总是因没有明确的法律规范而处于不利的地位,因此我国必须从立法、执法与司法等方面确立该原则的重要地位。本文先以概述的形式介绍风险预防原则的发展过程及其基本特点,进而对风险预防原则的概念和适用条件进行阐述。然后,围绕风险预防原则在我国确立的必要性和可行性以及如何确立进行重点论述。最后,指出该原则在我国环境保护立法中确立需注意的问题。环境的恶化具有持续性,恶化的后果具有滞后性和不可逆转性,就此诸多领域都对风险预防原则的重要性予以认可,并在积极地探索正确适用这一原则的有效方法,因此,该原则在我国环境保护立法中的确立与适用同样意义重大而深远。
[Abstract]:As an important principle of environmental protection, the principle of risk prevention has been rapidly promoted in the international position, which attempts to achieve a reasonable balance between human health, economic development, social progress and environmental protection. The development of human beings must depend on the protection of the environment. The interaction between human beings and the environment will bring the corresponding influence to the environment, and a good environment is the basis of all human activities. Therefore, in order to solve the increasingly serious and complex environmental problems, all countries in the world are actively dealing with this global problem in various ways. The principle of risk prevention is born and developed under this particular historical condition. Nowadays, most countries and regions in the world have established the "principle of risk prevention" from many aspects, such as legislation and so on, and many international conventions advocate that when dealing with problems related to the environment, Consideration should be given to achieving maximum environmental benefits as the primary factor. Our Government has always attached great importance to the preservation of a good environment, in order to realize the provisions of Article 26 of our Constitution: "the State protects and improves the living environment and the ecological environment, controls pollution and other public hazards", and in order to protect the living environment of citizens, It is imperative to establish this principle in our country. The author thinks that all countries in the world pay attention to the problem of global environmental risk, and developed countries have gradually expanded the scope of application of the principle of risk prevention, which has brought double influence to the economic and social development of our country. At present, China has not incorporated the principle of risk prevention as a basic principle of environmental protection into the legislative system of environmental protection, especially at a time when the globalization problem is diverse and the international trade is developing rapidly. In the face of new international trade barriers and other problems, our country is always in a disadvantageous position because of the lack of clear legal norms, so we must establish the important position of this principle from the aspects of legislation, law enforcement and judicature. This paper first introduces the development process and basic characteristics of the risk prevention principle in the form of an overview, and then expounds the concept and applicable conditions of the risk prevention principle. Then, the necessity and feasibility of establishing the principle of risk prevention in our country and how to establish it are discussed emphatically. Finally, the paper points out that the principle should be paid attention to in the legislation of environmental protection in China. The deterioration of the environment is sustainable, and the consequences of deterioration are lagging and irreversible. In this regard, the importance of the principle of risk prevention is recognized in many fields, and effective methods for its correct application are actively explored, therefore, The establishment and application of this principle in China's environmental protection legislation is equally significant and far-reaching.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.68

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