浅论我国自然保护区社区共管的法律规制

发布时间：2018-07-10 20:18

本文选题：社区共管 + 共管委员会　；参考：《郑州大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国自然保护区在建立初期是以“抢救式”保护为指导,遵循早划多划、先划后建、逐步完善的方针,使得我国的自然保护区的数量及面积上都呈现出突飞猛进的现象,在管理方面也取得了很大的成绩。但是,发展至今也逐渐暴露出了严重的问题,即随着自然保护区面积的增加,保护区内的生物多样性却仍旧不断减少,这一现象不禁让人反思当下的自然保护区管理制度。我国自然保护区的管理模式是自上而下的排除式管理模式,排除了当地社区及居民的参与,一系列禁止性规定与责任的施加,也引起保护区内的居民、当地社区及其他利益相关者对保护区产生强烈的不满,进而严重阻碍自然保护区的管理与发展。同样,在国外的多数国家的保护区域中也存在着类似情况,原住民土地权运动阻碍着国家公园的建立与管理。在1992年世界保护地大会上,参会者认识到排除保护区居民的权利与存在是不可行的。在此情况之下,作为保护区新型管理模式——社区共管应运而生。并且最早被加拿大用于解决原住民土地权问题,在经过几十年的发展与完善也逐步成熟,为其他各国所纷纷效仿。在20世纪90年代,我国自然保护区也在国际组织的支持下展开了保护区共管项目的试点推广,项目的实行改善了保护区与当地社区的关系,并且在一定程度上实现了保护区与当地社区共同的发展与成长。但是项目结束以后,由于传统管理模式遗留的问题,社区共管缺乏法律规制、缺乏资金支持等因素,使社区共管的继续实行遭遇了现实的难题。这些都使自然保护区社区共管不具有可持续性,即便是给保护区管理带来了益处,也是短暂的。为了使我国自然保护区社区共管能够得到持续的发展,适当的借鉴国外的成熟经验也是必不可少的。
[Abstract]:At the early stage of establishment, the nature reserves in China were guided by the "rescue" protection, followed the policy of early drawing, first drawing and then building, and gradually perfected, which made the number and area of nature reserves in our country appear to be advancing by leaps and bounds. Great achievements have also been made in management. However, the development has gradually exposed a serious problem, that is, with the increase of the area of nature reserves, the biodiversity in nature reserves is still decreasing. This phenomenon can not help people reflect on the current management system of nature reserves. The management model of nature reserves in China is a top-down exclusive management model, which excludes the participation of local communities and residents, and the imposition of a series of prohibitions and responsibilities, which also causes the residents in the protected areas. Local communities and other stakeholders are strongly dissatisfied with protected areas, which seriously hinder the management and development of nature reserves. Similarly, a similar situation exists in protected areas in most countries abroad, where the Aboriginal land rights movement impedes the establishment and management of national parks. At the 1992 World Conservation Congress, participants recognized that it was not feasible to exclude the rights and existence of protected area residents. In this case, as a new management model-community management came into being. And the first used in Canada to solve the issue of indigenous land rights, after decades of development and improvement is gradually mature, has been emulated by other countries. In the 1990s, with the support of international organizations, China's nature reserves also launched a pilot project to promote the joint management of protected areas. The implementation of the project improved the relationship between the protected areas and local communities. And to a certain extent, protected areas and local communities to achieve common development and growth. But after the end of the project, because of the problems left over by the traditional management mode, the lack of legal regulation, lack of financial support and other factors, the continued implementation of community co-management encountered a real problem. This makes community co-ownership of nature reserves unsustainable, even if for the benefit of conservation management, but also for a short period of time. In order to make the community management of nature reserves sustainable development, it is necessary to learn from the mature experience of foreign countries.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.6

【相似文献】