我国环境保护法“三同时”制度探析

发布时间：2018-07-12 10:14

本文选题：预防 + 三同时　；参考：《广西师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：十一五期间我国经济快速发展,为全球经济贡献出巨大力量,国民的物质生活水平得到显著提高,但是在经济发展的同时,我们也付出了惨痛的环境代价。随着我国经济的发展,各地的建设项目日渐增多,我国面临日益严峻的环境问题,不管是松花江水污染事故还是紫金矿业的污水渗漏或是近期的广西龙江镉污染事件,一件件活生生的例子摆在眼前,环境危机正在越来越严重地制约经济发展。因为高能耗、高污染、高风险的发展方式无法持续,所以建立在不断透支环境资源与公众健康基础上的传统GDP增长模式是不足取的。环境保护部门公开的中国环境经济核算报告称,我国经济发展的环境污染代价不断上升,每年因经济发展带来的污染已接近1万亿元,而且这一数字在逐年升高。现实告诉我们环境问题不容忽视。长期以来,我们始终打着“谁污染,谁治理”的口号,着重对污染的事后治理而忽视事前防范,这些年的经验教训告诉我们环境问题不容小觑,一点潜在的环境因素也许会引发前所未有的巨大灾难。所以对待环境问题要谨记“宜未雨而绸缪,勿临渴而掘井”。环境影响评价制度、许可证制度、限期治理制度、“三同时”制度等是我们所熟知的事前环保制度。其中环保“三同时”制度是最具有中国特色的环境保护制度,但是在具体的实施过程中还存在这样那样的问题,这就需要法律法规的明确规定确保其顺利实施。在各项工程落实的同时,保证对环境的危害最小,从源头上遏制环境污染。它与环境影响评价制度相辅相成,成为贯彻预防为主方针的环境管理制度。要真正做到合理布局,防患于未然,就必须把“三同时”和环评结合起来,才能最大限度地消除污染。但是“三同时”制度没有得到应有的重视,《环境影响评价法》颁布施行后,和其同等重要的“三同时”似乎被人们忽略。在广西南丹调研的过程中,我们走访了政府部门和企业,通过对相关人员的采访、发放调查问卷以及得到的环境保护方面的数据,我们发现很多人并不知晓“三同时”制度为何物,而一些建设项目的进度多标明是否环评却没有“三同时”实施的相关信息。这说明“三同时”制度并没有实施到位,还存在许多问题,归根结底是法律规定不到位。我国目前对环保“三同时”制度的探讨多结合具体环保对象,如水土保持的“三同时”、开发区的“三同时”建设等,其理论研究多是对此制度的概念、发展阶段加以论述,并没有什么实质性的内容。本文着重从法律角度对“三同时”制度加以探讨,也吸收借鉴前人对此制度的一些观点。本文首先通过对“三同时”制度的概念及具体内容做出概述,然后通过对“三同时”制度的概念分析总结出其特征,明晰其存在的重要意义。其次,要明确“三同时”制度存在的理论基础和发展阶段。再次就是明确其发展现状并找出在实施过程中存在的问题。最后,结合环保“三同时”制度法律规定的分析,相关法律法规的进一步发展和完善进行理论探讨,力求提出合理的完善建议,以便在今后的实践过程中尽善尽美。其中对于我国“三同时”制度理论基础的研究上,笔者由于这项制度是我国独创,没有深厚的理论基础,国外立法经验可资借鉴的少之又少,只能从预防原则、环境政策及环境管理找到其渊源,健全我国的“三同时”法律制度。
[Abstract]:During the 11th Five-Year, China's economy developed rapidly and contributed greatly to the global economy. The material living standard of the people was greatly improved, but at the same time in economic development, we also paid a painful environmental price. With the development of our economy, the construction projects in various places are increasing, and China is facing increasingly severe environmental problems. The pipe is the water pollution accident in the Songhua River or the sewage leakage of the purple gold mining industry or the recent cadmium pollution in Longjiang, Guangxi. A living example is present. The environmental crisis is increasingly restricting the economic development. Because the high energy consumption, high pollution, high risk development way can not be sustained, so it is established in the continuous overdraft environment. The traditional GDP growth model on the basis of resources and public health is insufficient. The environmental economic accounting report published by the environmental protection department says that the environmental pollution cost of China's economic development is rising constantly, the pollution caused by economic development has been close to 1 trillion yuan every year, and this number is increasing year by year. The problem can not be ignored. For a long time, we have always been playing the slogan of "who pollution, who govern", focusing on the prevention of pollution after the prevention, and the experience and lessons of these years tell us that environmental problems can not be underestimated, a little potential environmental factors may lead to unprecedented catastrophe.
Therefore, we should bear in mind that the environmental problems should be kept in mind: "it is not necessary to prepare for rain and prepare for a well". The environmental impact assessment system, the license system, the time limit governance system, the "Three Simultaneity" system are known as the environmental protection system. The environmental protection "Three Simultaneity" system is the most Chinese characteristic environmental protection system, but it is specific In the process of implementation, such problems still exist, which requires clear provisions of laws and regulations to ensure its smooth implementation. At the same time, the environmental pollution is minimized and the environmental pollution is contained at the same time. It is complementary to the environmental impact assessment system and becomes an environmental management system for the implementation of the main policy of prevention. It is necessary to combine "three at the same time" with environmental assessment to maximize the elimination of pollution. But the "Three Simultaneity" system has not been given due attention. After the enactment and implementation of the environmental impact assessment law, the "Three Simultaneity", which is equally important, seems to be ignored. In Nandan, Guangxi In the course of the process, we visited the government departments and enterprises, through interviews with relevant personnel, the issuance of questionnaires and data on environmental protection, we found that many people do not know what the "Three Simultaneity" system is, and the progress of some construction projects clearly indicates whether the environmental assessment is not "three at the same time" related letter. This shows that the "Three Simultaneity" system has not been put into place, and there are still many problems. In the final analysis, the legal provisions are not in place.
At present, our country's discussion of the "Three Simultaneity" system of environmental protection is mostly combined with specific environmental protection objects, such as the "Three Simultaneity" of soil and water conservation, and the construction of "Three Simultaneity" in the development zone. Its theoretical research is mostly the concept of this system, the development stage is discussed, and there is no substantial content. This article focuses on "three at the same time" from the legal point of view. In this paper, the concept and specific content of the "Three Simultaneity" system are summarized, and then the characteristics of the "Three Simultaneity" system are summarized, and the significance of its existence is clarified. Secondly, the existence of the "Three Simultaneity" system should be clarified. On the basis and the stage of development. Again, it is to clarify its development status and find out the existing problems in the process of implementation. Finally, combined with the analysis of the legal provisions of the "Three Simultaneity" system of environmental protection, the further development and improvement of relevant laws and regulations are discussed in theory, so as to make reasonable suggestions for perfection so as to do the best in the future practice. In the study of the theoretical basis of the "Three Simultaneity" system in China, the author, because this system is our country's original creation, has no profound theoretical foundation, the foreign legislative experience can be used for reference, only from the prevention principle, environmental policy and environmental management to find its origin, and improve the "Three Simultaneity" legal system of our country.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.68

【参考文献】