我国西北地区草原生态效益补偿政策法律研究
发布时间：2018-07-27 19:22
【摘要】：西北地区天然草原作为生态系统的重要组成部分,具有涵养水源、水土保持、防风固沙、调节大气、维持生物多样性等多种生态功能。然而由于人类滥垦滥挖、过度放牧、加之病虫害、鼠害的发生,造成西北地区90%的草原出现不同程度的退化,导致自然灾害频发,同时草原生态服务功能下降,对西北地区生态安全构成严重威胁。生态效益补偿是近年来出现的有效保护和治理生态环境的新手段,也是国内外学者关注的重要课题。相对国外而言,我国生态补偿的理论和实践较落后,而草原生态效益补偿理论的研究更是处于起步阶段,实践也处于探索阶段。 本文借鉴国内外对生态效益补偿和草原生态服务价值研究的成果,以生态系统价值论、公共产品理论、外部性理论、权利与义务对等理论作为研究的理论基础,构建草原生态效益补偿机制的基本框架,确定草原生态补偿中的补偿主体,补偿对象,补偿标准等基本问题。在此基础上,本文对西北地区天然草原生态保护和建设的基本情况进行分析,并对这一过程中出现的问题进行剖析,从草原生态服务的提供者和受益者的角度确定生态补偿的主体、补偿的对象和补偿的标准,同时对我们国家相关方面的政策进行解析,提出完善相关法律法规的意见,以更好的为草原生态效益补偿作法律保障,保障草原生态效益补偿顺利实施。
[Abstract]:As an important part of the ecosystem, the natural grassland in Northwest China has many ecological functions, such as water conservation, soil and water conservation, wind and sand prevention, regulating the atmosphere, maintaining biodiversity, and so on. However, as a result of excessive reclamation, overgrazing, diseases and insect pests, and the occurrence of rodent damage, 90% of the grasslands in Northwest China have been degraded to varying degrees, resulting in frequent natural disasters and a decline in the ecological service function of the grasslands. It poses a serious threat to the ecological security of Northwest China. Ecological benefit compensation is a new method to effectively protect and control the ecological environment in recent years, and it is also an important topic concerned by scholars at home and abroad. Compared with foreign countries, the theory and practice of ecological compensation in our country is relatively backward, and the study of ecological benefit compensation theory of grassland is in the initial stage, and the practice is also in the exploratory stage. Based on the theory of ecosystem value, the theory of public goods, the theory of externality and the theory of equivalence of rights and obligations, this paper draws lessons from the research results of ecological benefit compensation and grassland ecological service value at home and abroad, and takes ecosystem value theory, public goods theory, externality theory, rights and obligations equivalence theory as the theoretical basis. The basic frame of compensation mechanism of grassland ecological benefit is constructed, and the basic problems such as main body, object and standard of compensation in grassland ecological compensation are determined. On this basis, this paper analyzes the basic situation of ecological protection and construction of natural grassland in Northwest China, and analyzes the problems in this process. From the point of view of the provider and beneficiary of grassland ecological service, the main body of ecological compensation, the object of compensation and the standard of compensation are determined. At the same time, the policies of relevant aspects of our country are analyzed, and suggestions on perfecting relevant laws and regulations are put forward. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of grassland ecological benefit compensation, better legal protection for grassland ecological benefit compensation.
【学位授予单位】：西北民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.64
本文编号：2148894
[Abstract]:As an important part of the ecosystem, the natural grassland in Northwest China has many ecological functions, such as water conservation, soil and water conservation, wind and sand prevention, regulating the atmosphere, maintaining biodiversity, and so on. However, as a result of excessive reclamation, overgrazing, diseases and insect pests, and the occurrence of rodent damage, 90% of the grasslands in Northwest China have been degraded to varying degrees, resulting in frequent natural disasters and a decline in the ecological service function of the grasslands. It poses a serious threat to the ecological security of Northwest China. Ecological benefit compensation is a new method to effectively protect and control the ecological environment in recent years, and it is also an important topic concerned by scholars at home and abroad. Compared with foreign countries, the theory and practice of ecological compensation in our country is relatively backward, and the study of ecological benefit compensation theory of grassland is in the initial stage, and the practice is also in the exploratory stage. Based on the theory of ecosystem value, the theory of public goods, the theory of externality and the theory of equivalence of rights and obligations, this paper draws lessons from the research results of ecological benefit compensation and grassland ecological service value at home and abroad, and takes ecosystem value theory, public goods theory, externality theory, rights and obligations equivalence theory as the theoretical basis. The basic frame of compensation mechanism of grassland ecological benefit is constructed, and the basic problems such as main body, object and standard of compensation in grassland ecological compensation are determined. On this basis, this paper analyzes the basic situation of ecological protection and construction of natural grassland in Northwest China, and analyzes the problems in this process. From the point of view of the provider and beneficiary of grassland ecological service, the main body of ecological compensation, the object of compensation and the standard of compensation are determined. At the same time, the policies of relevant aspects of our country are analyzed, and suggestions on perfecting relevant laws and regulations are put forward. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of grassland ecological benefit compensation, better legal protection for grassland ecological benefit compensation.
【学位授予单位】：西北民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.64
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 卢满意;锡林郭勒草原退化影响因素分析及可持续利用对策研究[D];内蒙古农业大学;2012年
，本文编号：2148894
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