论我国保护地共管的法律构建

发布时间：2018-08-07 08:50

【摘要】： 近年来,我国保护地的数量与面积大幅增长,然而保护地生物多样性、自然资源及相关的文化多样性保护能力并没有与其形成正比。造成这种现状最为重要原因之一在于,传统的保护地采取的是一种低设计成本、高实施及监督成本的管理方式。这种方式使保护地的建立变得简单易行,却由于监管所需的巨额后期成本而于保护地长期管理不利。相比而言,共管,作为一种高设计成本、低实施及监督成本的管理方式,虽然在建立之初需要大量成本投入,建成后却可以以较低的监管成本运行,从长远的角度来说更为经济。为此,本文围绕我国保护地共管的法律构建进行初步分析。本文共四个部分,近三万五千字。第一部分主要阐述了保护地共管的概念及特点。保护地共管是指为实现保护地自然资源、生物多样性及相关文化多样性保护的目标,以政府为主导,以原住民及当地社区参与为核心,联合其他利益相关者共同分享保护地管理权,共同承担管理责任的公共管理模式或技术。它不仅仅指形式上的共同协商,还必须是管理者实际拥有决策、计划、实施和评价等权利,具有管理主体多元化、分权及高度合意性等特点。第二部分讨论了构建保护地共管的理由。传统保护地管理模式已不能适应保护地的发展,在生态科学的经验总结与个体自由选择权的双重证明下,对于改善保护地资源和原生民自身能力建设现状而言,共管成为合理的选择。第三部分是我国构建保护地共管的立法思路。我国保护地共管构建遇到了保护理念落后;原住民及当地社区传统自然资源管理系统衰落;法律位价低、参与权利不明且自然资源使用权缺乏保障等不利因素的影响。笔者认为,应从转变传统立法理念开始,以原住民及当地社区能力建设为核心,在此基础上逐步建立一种全新的公共管理模式。第四部分是我国构建保护地共管的具体立法设想。主要从共管主体、共管协商程序、共管组织和共管协定等四个方面对保护地共管的法律构建作了一些具体设想。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the number and area of China's protected areas have increased greatly. However, there is no direct proportion of biodiversity, natural resources and related cultural diversity protection ability. One of the most important reasons for this situation is that the traditional protection place is a low design cost, high implementation and supervision cost management. This method makes it easy to build the protected area, but it is unfavorable to the long-term management because of the huge late cost of supervision. In comparison, as a high design cost, low implementation and supervision cost management, although a large amount of cost is needed at the beginning of the establishment, it can be lower after the completion of the construction. The operation of supervision cost is more economical in the long run. Therefore, this paper makes a preliminary analysis on the legal construction of co-management of protected areas in China.
This article is a total of four parts, nearly thirty-five thousand words.
The first part mainly expounds the concept and characteristics of the protection land co management. The protection land co management refers to the goal of protecting natural resources, biodiversity and related cultural diversity, taking the government as the leading role, taking the participation of the indigenous people and the local community as the core, and sharing the rights of the protection of the protection land jointly by the other benefit related parties. The public management mode or technology of carrying out the responsibility of management is not only a form of common negotiation, but also the right of the manager to have decision-making, plan, implementation and evaluation. It has the characteristics of pluralism, decentralization and high sense of management.
The second part discusses the reasons for the construction of the protection site. The traditional protection land management model can not adapt to the development of the protected land. Under the dual proof of the experience summary of the ecological science and the right of individual free choice, it is a reasonable choice for the improvement of the protection land resources and the status of the original people's own capacity construction.
The third part is the legislative idea of building a protected land in our country. In China, the construction of the protected land has encountered some disadvantages, such as the backward protection concept, the decline of the traditional natural resource management system of the Aboriginal and the local community, the low price of the legal position, the unidentified participation right and the lack of the right to use natural resources. Starting from the concept of unified legislation, we should focus on the capacity-building of Aboriginal and local communities, and gradually establish a new public management model.
The fourth part is the concrete legislative idea of the construction of the condominium in China. It is mainly from the four aspects of the common management subject, the common management process, the common organization and the common management agreement, and some concrete assumptions about the legal construction of the joint management of the protected land.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.68

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