外部性、减排及环境保护警察体系

发布时间：2018-10-17 17:24

【摘要】：雾霾和高温等极端天气现象成为近几年民众关注的焦点环境问题。这些环境问题主要是因为市场经济的外部性引起的。由于大气、水等是流体性质的公共资源,不能确定其明晰的产权,所以对其排放权应当有偿取得。减排的路径主要是:政府是大气、水等公共资源的权利人,政府可以向排放主体征收排放税,或者经济主体的排放权必须向政府购买,建立排放权交易市场;树立经济和环境协调友好发展的思想,把环境纳入民众的福利函数;经济转型战略方面,经济空间布局上服从能源空间分布;城市化战略方面,重点发展县乡为主的中小城市,减轻大城市的功能超载压力和环境压力;法律规制方面,建立排放权确权和有偿取得制度,建立具体的针对排放源和排放量的减排执法制度;建立垂直的环境保护警察体系,全天候执行环保法规;能源替代方面,大力发展水能、风能、核能、太阳能等清洁能源,提高清洁能源在能源消费中的比重,逐步实现清洁能源对化石能源的替代,实现人和环境的友好发展。
[Abstract]:Extreme weather phenomena such as haze and high temperature have become the focus of attention in recent years. These environmental problems are mainly caused by the externality of the market economy. As the atmosphere and water are public resources of fluid nature, they cannot determine their clear property rights, so the emission rights should be paid for. The main ways of emission reduction are: the government is the owner of public resources such as atmosphere and water, the government can collect the emission tax from the emitter, or the economic subject must purchase the emission right from the government to establish the emission right trading market; Set up the idea of harmonious and friendly development of economy and environment, bring the environment into the welfare function of the people; in the strategy of economic transformation, the spatial distribution of economic space should be based on the spatial distribution of energy; in the aspect of urbanization strategy, we should focus on the development of small and medium-sized cities that are mainly counties and townships. To reduce the pressure of function overload and environmental pressure of big cities; to establish the system of confirming the right to discharge and the system of obtaining paid for emission, to establish the specific emission reduction law enforcement system aimed at the sources and emissions of emissions; to establish the vertical police system of environmental protection, in the aspect of legal regulation, Environmental protection laws and regulations are enforced all the time; in the area of energy substitution, efforts should be made to develop clean energy sources such as hydro, wind, nuclear and solar energy, increase the proportion of clean energy in energy consumption, and gradually realize the substitution of clean energy for fossil energy. Realize the friendly development of human and environment.
【作者单位】：甘肃政法学院经济管理学院;
【基金】：甘肃政法学院科研资助重点项目(GZF2013XZDLW012)
【分类号】：D922.68;D922.14

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