国家环境增进义务研究

发布时间：2018-12-16 06:46

【摘要】：证成公民享有环境权,并未能遏制环境向更槽糕的方向发展,反而陷入研究越深入,概念越模糊的恶性自我循环。生态危机蕴藏着能够毁灭一切的力量,深不可测,个人难以抗衡,需要国家的积极作为,因此,探索国家环境增进义务的深度履行以达到保障公民环境权、增加环境福祉、实现环境正义的目标,符合环境法治的研究规律,也是解决环境问题的有效进路。当前公民对环境质量的需求与环境公共产品的供给不足之间的矛盾,是解决环境问题不可回避主要矛盾。本文以风险社会、福利国家为学说基础,构建“国家环境增进义务”理论;该理论将从三个层面解决上述矛盾,一、改善环境是的首要义务;二、增加环境公共产品是主要手段;三、增加公民环境福祉、实现环境正义是终极目标。通过对现有立法实践、执法实践、司法实践三个维度的分析发现,国家在履行环境增进义务方面存在缺位、作为不力的问题。因此,本文就如何实现国家环境增进义务的深度履行提出以下建议:一、在立法中将增进义务明确;二、在实践中将增进义务深化。就国家不履行环境保护增进义务如何救济方面,本文在现行法的基础上做了解答。最后,展望,我们将进入国家环境增进义务时代,在这个时代里,大数据+国家环境增进义务在理性的指导下,将会是一种勇气与智慧并存的有益尝试。
[Abstract]:The citizens enjoy the right to environment, but not to curb the development of the environment to the worse direction, but the deeper the research, the more fuzzy the concept of malignant self-cycle. The ecological crisis contains the power to destroy everything, which is unfathomable and difficult for the individual to contend with, and requires the active action of the state. Therefore, exploring the deep implementation of the national environmental enhancement obligation in order to guarantee citizens' environmental rights and increase the environmental well-being, Realizing the goal of environmental justice accords with the law of environmental rule of law, and it is also an effective way to solve environmental problems. The contradiction between citizens' demand for environmental quality and insufficient supply of environmental public goods is the main contradiction to solve environmental problems. Based on the theory of risk society and welfare state, this paper constructs the theory of "national environmental enhancement obligation", which will solve the above contradictions from three aspects: first, improving the environment is the primary duty; Second, increasing environmental public goods is the main means; third, increasing citizens' environmental well-being and realizing environmental justice is the ultimate goal. Through the analysis of the existing legislative practice, law enforcement practice and judicial practice, it is found that there is a deficiency in the implementation of environmental promotion obligations by the state. Therefore, this paper puts forward the following suggestions on how to realize the deep implementation of the national environmental enhancement obligation: first, it will enhance the clarity of the obligation in the legislation; secondly, it will deepen the obligation in practice. This paper gives an answer on how to remedy the state's failure to fulfill its obligation to promote environmental protection. Finally, we look forward to entering the era of national environmental enhancement obligations, in which big data's national environmental promotion obligations, under the guidance of reason, will be a useful attempt for the coexistence of courage and wisdom.
【学位授予单位】：温州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68

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