惩治环境犯罪的非刑罚措施研究

发布时间：2019-04-10 15:37

【摘要】：随着刑法在环境保护工作中的地位日益提高,学界关于环境犯罪的研究也在不断走向深入。目前,绝大多数学者已经高度赞同环境刑事责任的实现方式应该包括刑罚与非刑罚措施两种。但究竟什么是惩治环境犯罪的非刑罚措施、适用非刑罚措施有什么现实依据、如何构建科学的非刑罚措施体系、以及如何合理地适用非刑罚措施,这其中有没有可资借鉴的外国经验等这些重要问题却缺乏详细论述。本文正是试图通过对这些问题的探讨,以期抛砖引玉,推动关于环境犯罪中非刑罚措施的研究。建立在“非刑罚措施刑事责任实现方式之一”“适用非刑罚措施不违背‘罪刑法定’原则”的基础上,通过对非刑罚措施与其他法律责任实现方式的辨别分析,具体到环境犯罪的语境中时,我们可以认为,“惩治环境犯罪的非刑罚措施”是在环境犯罪发生后对犯罪分子所采取的旨在预防再次犯罪、补救受损害的生态环境、弥补被害人遭受的损失的、排除管制、拘役、有期徒刑、无期徒刑、死刑、罚金、剥夺政治权利、没收财产八种刑罚在外的其他实现环境犯罪刑事责任的措施。惩治环境犯罪之所以适用非刑罚措施,是环境保护思想发展的必然结果,也是我国现行环境犯罪刑罚的缺陷所致。纵观国外,已经有国家在惩治环境犯罪时适用非刑罚措施,对犯罪分子的再犯条件进行限制,充分发挥犯罪分子在应对环境犯罪后果时的积极性。对我国来说,完善的非刑罚措施体系,应该包括三大类,即预防犯罪分子再次犯罪的措施、补救受损害的生态环境的措施和弥补被害人损失的措施。其中,预防犯罪分子再次犯罪的措施应该包括教育措施、禁止措施和救助措施;补救受损生态环境的措施包括恢复受损环境原状的措施和其他补救措施;弥补被害人损失则包括对被害人物质的弥补和精神的抚慰。实践中适用非刑罚措施,则应辩证地认识人与自然的关系,在追求人与自然和谐共生、和谐共进时,保持一颗敬畏生命、悲天悯人的心,通过由法院直接适用或委托其他组织适用、多种非刑罚措施合并适用、非刑罚措施与刑罚措施共同使用等多种方式,共同实现人与自然的和谐发展。
[Abstract]:With the increasing status of criminal law in the work of environmental protection, the academic research on environmental crime is becoming deeper and deeper. At present, the vast majority of scholars have highly agreed that the realization of environmental criminal responsibility should include penalty and non-penalty measures. But what is the non-penalty measure to punish the environmental crime, what is the realistic basis of applying the non-penalty measure, how to construct the scientific non-penalty measure system, and how to apply the non-penalty measure reasonably, There are some important problems, such as whether there is any foreign experience that can be used for reference, but there is no detailed discussion on these important questions. This paper attempts to discuss these problems in order to promote the study of non-criminal measures in environmental crime. On the basis of "one of the ways to realize the criminal responsibility of non-penalty measures", "the application of non-penalty measures does not violate the principle of 'crime and punishment by law'", through the discrimination and analysis of non-penalty measures and other forms of realization of legal responsibility, When it comes to the context of environmental crime, we can think that "non-penal measures to punish environmental crime" is taken against criminals after the occurrence of environmental crime in order to prevent reoffending and remedy the damaged ecological environment. If the victim makes up for the loss suffered by the victim, he shall exclude public surveillance, criminal detention, fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment, death penalty, fine, deprivation of political rights, and confiscation of property in addition to eight other measures to realize criminal responsibility for environmental crimes. The application of non-penalty measures to punish environmental crime is not only the inevitable result of the development of environmental protection thought, but also the defect of the current environmental crime penalty in our country. Throughout the world, some countries have applied non-penal measures to punish environmental crimes, restricted the conditions for criminals to commit re-offenses, and brought into full play the initiative of criminals in dealing with the consequences of environmental crimes. For our country, the perfect system of non-penalty measures should include three categories, that is, the measures to prevent the criminals from committing crimes again, the measures to remedy the damaged ecological environment and the measures to compensate the victims' loss. Among them, measures to prevent the recurrence of crime by criminals should include educational measures, prohibitions and relief measures; measures to remedy the damaged ecological environment include measures to restore the status quo of the damaged environment and other remedial measures; To make up for the victim's loss is to make up for the victim's material and to comfort the spirit of the victim. If non-penalty measures are applied in practice, the relationship between man and nature should be dialectically understood. In pursuing harmonious symbiosis and harmony between man and nature, he should maintain a heart of reverence of life and compassion of man. Through the direct application or entrustment of other organizations by the court, the combination of various non-penalty measures and the common use of non-penalty measures and penalty measures, the harmonious development of man and nature can be realized together.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.68;D924.1

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