中国能源立法的生态化研究

发布时间：2019-05-20 06:11

【摘要】：我国现阶段总体上正处于工业化的中期阶段。[1]随着经济建设的快速推进,各种问题也开始集中爆发。其中最突出的就是经济建设过程中的生态环境破坏问题,由能源使用所引起的环境污染和气候变化问题尤其受到关注。要使能源利用过程中的外部性得到有效管理,使其负面影响尽可能弱化,能源法律责无旁贷。“能源法是我国近年来发展最为迅速的立法领域之一。在生态文明观的指导下,不断涌现的能源法呈现出生态化的特征”[2]1,引起了能源法律制度一系列的生态化变革。本文从考察我国能源利用的现状和其引起的各种环境生态问题出发,结合我国当前的科技、经济实力和社会发展水平,指出在挖掘能源效率潜力的基础上,结合开发清洁新能源是是我国当前解决能源困局的最可行途径。本人在分析了传统的生态观及其对能源立法的影响后,得出了传统能源法立法理念的弊端是造成能源环境问题的根源。同时通过对生态文明理论的考察,结合国内外能源法立法和实践经验,认为只有将生态文明观引入能源法律体系,才能使能源利用过程中的外部性得到有效的管理,从根本上解决能源环境问题。在这一思想认识的基础上,本文提出将能源法的立法理念、立法原则、具体制度以及即将制定的能源基本法全面的生态化,以使我国的能源产业能够走上一个绿色的发展道路。全文分五个部分: 绪论部分,考察了能源的概念和我国能源开发利用的现状,并对“生态化”及“能源法律的生态化”进行了分析和研究,为后面的研究奠定现实和理论的基础。第一章,研究了我国面临的节能减排严峻形势和我国能源法律的现状,指出现行能源法律体系应对当前形势的不足之处;分析了传统的能源法律制度的弊端和其生态伦理方面的理论根源。考察了现代生态伦理观和生态文明理论,并讨论了将其引入能源立法的必要性和可行性。第二章,探讨了要实现能源法律制度的生态化,在立法原则方面要做出的努力,即要制定哪些生态化的立法原则。第三章,提出能源法律具体制度生态化的构想。包括能源效率、清洁能源开发利用和碳排放方面的法律制度。通过对国外在这些领域的得失经验的考察和对我国能源法律建设和能源产业发展过程中的实践教训总结分析的基础上,提出了一些具体的构想。第四章,在前面三章讨论的基础上对我国即将制定的能源基本法的生态化作出一个概括性展望。能源基本法是统领能源法律领域的综合性法律,其具有纲领性的地位,对涉及能源领域共同性、全局性的问题和能源法律法规之间可能存在的冲突问题作出统摄性的安排。因此要使能源法律制度真正的实现生态化就必须有一部生态化的能源基本法。
[Abstract]:At present, China is generally in the middle stage of industrialization. [1] with the rapid progress of economic construction, various problems have begun to erupt. Among them, the most prominent problem is the destruction of ecological environment in the process of economic construction, especially the environmental pollution and climate change caused by energy use. In order to effectively manage the externalities in the process of energy utilization and weaken its negative effects as much as possible, the energy law is duty-bound. Energy law is one of the most rapidly developing legislative fields in China in recent years. Under the guidance of the concept of ecological civilization, the emerging energy law presents ecological characteristics "[2] 1, which leads to a series of ecological changes in the energy legal system. Based on the investigation of the present situation of energy utilization in China and the various environmental and ecological problems caused by it, combined with the current science and technology, economic strength and social development level of our country, this paper points out that on the basis of tapping the potential of energy efficiency, Combining with the development of clean new energy is the most feasible way to solve the energy dilemma in our country at present. After analyzing the traditional ecological view and its influence on energy legislation, I conclude that the malpractice of the legislative concept of traditional energy law is the root cause of energy environment problems. At the same time, through the investigation of the theory of ecological civilization, combined with the legislation and practical experience of energy law at home and abroad, it is considered that only by introducing the concept of ecological civilization into the energy legal system can the externalities in the process of energy utilization be effectively managed. Fundamentally solve the problem of energy and environment. On the basis of this ideological understanding, this paper puts forward the comprehensive ecology of the legislative concept, legislative principles, specific systems and the energy basic law to be formulated, so that the energy industry of our country can embark on a green development road. The full text is divided into five parts: the introduction part, which investigates the concept of energy and the present situation of energy development and utilization in China, and analyzes and studies the "ecology" and "the ecology of energy law". It lays a realistic and theoretical foundation for the following research. The first chapter studies the severe situation of energy saving and emission reduction faced by our country and the present situation of energy law in our country, and points out the shortcomings of the current energy legal system in dealing with the current situation. This paper analyzes the disadvantages of the traditional energy legal system and the theoretical roots of its ecological ethics. This paper investigates the modern ecological ethics and the theory of ecological civilization, and discusses the necessity and feasibility of introducing it into energy legislation. The second chapter discusses the efforts to be made in the aspect of legislative principles in order to realize the ecology of the energy legal system, that is, which ecological legislative principles should be formulated. The third chapter puts forward the idea of ecological energy law. Including energy efficiency, clean energy development and utilization and carbon emissions of the legal regime. Based on the investigation of the gains and losses of foreign countries in these fields and the summary and analysis of the practical lessons in the process of energy legal construction and energy industry development in China, some concrete ideas are put forward. The fourth chapter, on the basis of the discussion in the previous three chapters, makes a general prospect of the ecology of the energy basic law to be formulated in our country. The basic Law of Energy is a comprehensive law in the field of energy law, which has a programmatic status and makes dominant arrangements for the conflicts between the common and overall issues in the field of energy and the possible conflicts between energy laws and regulations. Therefore, in order to realize the ecological energy legal system, there must be an ecological energy basic law.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：X-01;D922.67

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