夫妻一方以个人名义所负债务清偿规则之解构

发布时间：2018-01-02 03:31

本文关键词：夫妻一方以个人名义所负债务清偿规则之解构　出处：《政法论丛》2015年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：婚姻关系存续期间,夫妻一方以个人名义所负债务的性质是个人债务还是共同债务,直接影响到非举债方配偶和债权人的合法权利保护,现有的法律规定和最高人民法院的相关司法解释尽管有一些认定规则和推定规则,但其价值取向、判断标准不同。有的从保护非举债方配偶权利和婚姻家庭整体利益出发,形成以"为夫妻共同生活"所负债务为夫妻共同债务的认定规则和推定规则,这种规则有时导致夫妻合谋假离婚实现逃债,侵害债权人权利情形的发生;有的从维护交易安全、保护债权人权利出发,形成以"婚姻关系存续"时间内所负债务为夫妻共同债务的推定规则,这种规则有时导致夫妻一方与第三人合谋制造虚假债务,侵害非举债方配偶权利情形的发生。上述情况造成了司法实务部门对具体案件法律规则适用上的困局,破解该困局的最佳方案应当是:依据兼顾交易安全、保护债权人权利与非举债方配偶的权利的价值取向和原则,在现有法律、司法解释框架下,对夫妻一方以个人名义所负债务清偿规则进行重新解构。在实体法层面以日常家事代理权制度为中心,实现相关法律规范与清偿规则的有序衔接;在程序法层面,通过在一定条件下增加债权人注意义务,合理分配举证责任实现各方利益的平衡。
[Abstract]:During the existence of marriage, the nature of one of the spouses debts owed by individuals is personal debt or common debts, directly affect the non debt side of the spouse and the legal rights of the creditor protection, the relevant judicial interpretation of the existing legal provisions and the Supreme People's court, despite some rules and the rules of presumption, but its value orientation. The different judgment standard. Some protection from the non debt side of the right of spouse and marriage and family overall interests, the formation of recognized rules and rules for presumption of conjugal debt to "living together as husband and wife" debts, this kind of rules can sometimes lead to collusion false divorce couples achieve debt, violate the rights of creditors in case some from the maintenance transaction; safety, protection of the rights of creditors, the formation of the presumption rules to "time duration" relationship of marriage debts for conjugal debt, this rule can sometimes lead to One of the spouses and the third person conspiracy to create false debts against non debt spouse right. This caused judicial predicament of applicable legal rules of the specific case, the best solution to break the impasse should be: according to both the security of transactions, to protect the rights of creditors and non debt spouse's rights value the orientation and principles in the existing legislation, judicial interpretation framework, for a spouse in the name of the debt repayment rules of deconstruction. In the aspect of substantive law in the daily chores agency system as the center, to achieve an orderly convergence of relevant legal norms and rules of the settlement; on the level of procedural law, by increasing the creditors under certain conditions under the duty of care, a reasonable allocation of the burden of responsibility to achieve the balance of interests of all parties.

【作者单位】：吉林大学法学院;
【基金】：2014年度中国法学会部级研究课题《我国妇女儿童权益保障情况实证调查研究》[项目批准号:CLS(2014)D045]的阶段性成果吉林省教育厅十二五社会科学研究规划项目《吉林省离婚妇女婚姻家庭权益司法保障实证研究》西南政法大学2014年度重大专项项目《我国妇女儿童权益法律保障情况实证调查研究》龴项目批准号:2014XZZD-002㖞的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D923.9
【正文快照】： 一、以夫妻一方名义所负债务清偿规则的现状(一)以夫妻一方名义所负债务清偿规则的立法和司法解释以夫妻一方名义所负债务按照我国婚姻法和相关司法解释,依据一定的条件做出推定或者认定为夫妻共同债务或者夫妻个人债务,这种立法或者司法规范为本文所称的“以夫妻一方名义所负

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