论我国离婚精神损害赔偿的法律完善

发布时间：2018-03-03 06:44

本文选题：婚姻法　切入点：离婚　出处：《对外经济贸易大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 2001年4月28日公布施行的《中华人民共和国婚姻法》第四十六条规定了离婚损害赔偿制度,最高人民法院《关于适用中华人民共和国婚姻法若干问题的解释(一)》正式明确了离婚损害赔偿包括物质损害赔偿及精神损害赔偿两方面,这是离婚立法改革的重大成果。首先,笔者就离婚精神损害赔偿的概念、特征及意义进行了论述。离婚精神损害赔偿是指配偶一方违法侵害配偶他方的合法权益,导致婚姻关系破裂,离婚时无过错配偶所受的精神利益的损害和精神创伤,过错配偶应承担的民事责任。离婚精神损害赔偿是加强社会主义法制的需要,是建立和谐社会的需要,是保护无过错方配偶合法权益、制裁过错方的需要。离婚精神损害赔偿须有违法行为、损害事实、主观过错、因果关系四个法定要件和四种法定原因。责任方式包括财产责任和非财产责任两种方式。其次,笔者就离婚精神赔偿数额确定的法定因素和酌定考虑因素进行论述。指出过错情况、损害后果、经济因素作为法定因素来考虑,而结婚时间、对家庭贡献大小、社会地位、加害人的事后态度等一起作为酌定考虑因素,使赔偿数额的确定既合法又合情合理。最后,笔者就离婚精神损害赔偿中若干问题进行初步探讨,同时尝试提出一些立法建议。笔者就离婚精神损害赔偿的请求权利主体和义务主体进行探讨,认为赔偿权利主体应拓宽为受害者;存在主观过错的第三者承担连带赔偿责任。笔者就离婚精神损害赔偿请求权利行使的时间进行论述,并就离婚精神损害赔偿请求权的让与和继承进行分析。笔者结合司法实践,就离婚精神损害赔偿中请求方是否一定以“无过错为原则”和“谁主张谁举证”的证据原则进行探讨,提出区别过错,过错相抵的原则来裁判案件;提出应该区分不同情况分别对待,对无过错配偶的举证确难到位的特定情况,可适用过错推定原则;就当前社会上“其他导致离婚的重大过错”提出我国立法技术上应采取列举性规定和概括性规定相结合的方式,以保持立法的稳定性和长期性。
[Abstract]:Article 46th of the Marriage Law of the people's Republic of China, promulgated on April 28th 2001, provides for the system of compensation for divorce damages. The interpretation (1) of the Supreme people's Court concerning the application of the Marriage Law of the people's Republic of China (1) makes it clear that the compensation for divorce damages includes material damages and spiritual damages, which is a major achievement of the legislative reform on divorce. First of all, the author discusses the concept, characteristics and significance of the moral damage compensation for divorce, which means that one spouse violates the lawful rights and interests of the other spouse, which results in the breakdown of the marriage relationship. At the time of divorce, it is necessary to strengthen the socialist legal system and to build a harmonious society. It is the need to protect the lawful rights and interests of the spouse of the no-fault party and to punish the wrongdoing party. There are four legal elements and four legal reasons for causation. The way of liability includes two ways: property liability and non-property liability. Secondly, the author discusses the legal factors and discretionary factors for determining the amount of spiritual compensation for divorce. The author points out that fault situation, damage consequences, economic factors are considered as legal factors, while the time of marriage contributes to the family. The social status and the hindsight attitude of the victimizer are considered as the discretionary factors together, which make the determination of the amount of compensation legal and reasonable. Finally, the author makes a preliminary discussion on some problems in the compensation for moral damages of divorce, and tries to put forward some legislative suggestions. The author thinks that the subject of the right of compensation should be broadened to be the victim, the third party with subjective fault shall bear the joint and several liability for compensation. The author also analyzes the alienation and inheritance of the right to claim for moral damages in divorce. This paper discusses whether the claimant must take the principle of "no-fault" and "who claims who proves the evidence" to judge the case, and puts forward the principle of distinguishing fault and offsetting the fault; It is suggested that different cases should be treated separately, and the principle of presumption of fault can be applied to certain cases in which the proof of no-fault spouse is difficult to put in place. With regard to the "other major faults leading to divorce" in the society at present, the author puts forward that the legislation of our country should adopt the combination of enumeration and generality in order to maintain the stability and long-term nature of the legislation.
【学位授予单位】：对外经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D923.9

【引证文献】