我国监护权纠纷案件审理制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 04:31

本文选题：监护权　切入点：家事纠纷　出处：《河北大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近十年来我国监护权纠纷案件数值成上升趋势,这些案件其中一大部分都被聚集到全国各地法院,最终寻求法律保护。目前我国关于监护权立法体系存在着实体法与程序法的严重失衡,实体法相对比较完善,而程序法则呈基本空白状态,这让司法体系的工作人员很难开展实务工作,对维护未成年人合法权益也是举步维艰。本文便针对这一现状展开论述,论述内容主要分为五部分,主要内容如下:第一章主要监护权及监护权纠纷概述。这一章分为三部分:一、介绍监护权内涵、类型;二、分析监护权纠纷案件的特点,从监护权纠纷内容、主体、解决方式三个方面重点论述;三、从监护权案件审理子女利益最大化、法院职权探知主义、法院审理组织专业化、法院审理社会化、听取子女意见等五个方面提出监护权案件审理特别要求。第二章主要介绍国外监护权纠纷案件审理制度内容及对我国的几点启示。这一章分为四节,第一节以德国为例介绍子女最大利益原则及子女利益保护人制度在离婚案件审理中的适用。第二节以日本为例介绍日本监护权诉讼程序特点及纠纷解决遵循的原则。第三节以澳大利亚为例介绍监护权纠纷案件审理制度内容。第四节指出德国、日本、澳大利亚监护权审理制度中可借鉴部分,完善我国监护权纠纷案件审理制度。第三章主要阐述我国法院在审理监护权纠纷案件中的司法实践探索。这一部分分为五节,依次叙述法院设立专门家事纠纷调解室,引入心理修复解决纠纷,设置冷静期调解机制,扩大社会参与度,建立家事调查员制度等五种做法在司法实践中的应用。第四章是介绍我国监护权纠纷案件审理在司法实践中存在的问题。从现行法律规定和司法实务两方面入手,进行积极探索。发现法律规定上存在未设立子女利益代理人制度、未建立父母教育制度、缺乏有效听取子女意见的程序及依职权调查证据制度的规定不够完善等问题,并对实务中比较常见的调解人员资源匮乏且不专业及缺乏监护权纠纷判决或调解协议的履行监督制度等问题进行阐述。最后一章主要提出完善我国监护权案件审理制度的对策。从两方面着手:一方面完善相关规定,建立子女利益代理人制度、父母教育制度,完善听取子女意见程序和依职权调查证据制度;另一方面破解实践难题提出完善监护权案件纠纷调解制度,建立监护监督机制。研究监护权纠纷案件审理制度的意义在于给予家庭中未成年子女最大特殊利益保护。不仅对该审理制度对象进行较为系统的研究,还要设计出不同的程序保护。发现问题,解决问题,为监护权纠纷案件审理专业化、社会化、人性化提供可行的参考方案,同时也从侧面促使我国司法审判程序的完善。
[Abstract]:Over the past decade, the number of custody disputes in our country has been on the rise. Most of these cases have been gathered in courts throughout the country. At present, there is a serious imbalance between the substantive law and the procedural law, the substantive law is relatively perfect, and the procedural law is basically blank. This makes it very difficult for the staff of the judicial system to carry out practical work, and it is also difficult to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of minors. The main contents are as follows: the first chapter is an overview of the main custody and custody disputes. This chapter is divided into three parts: first, introduce the connotation and types of custody; second, analyze the characteristics of custody disputes, from the content of custody disputes, the main body, Third, from the view of the maximization of the interests of the children in custody cases, the doctrine of the court authority, the specialization of the court hearing organization, the socialization of the court trial, The second chapter mainly introduces the contents of the trial system of foreign custody disputes and its enlightenment to our country. This chapter is divided into four sections. The first section takes Germany as an example to introduce the principle of best interests of children and the application of the system of protector of children's interests in divorce cases. The second section takes japan as an example to introduce the characteristics of custody proceedings and the origin of dispute settlement in japan. Section III takes Australia as an example to introduce the content of the system of adjudication of guardianship disputes. Section 4th states that Germany, Japan, Australia can learn from the part of the guardianship trial system, improve our custody dispute trial system. The third chapter mainly expounds the judicial practice of our courts in hearing custody disputes. This part is divided into five sections. In turn, the court describes the establishment of a special family dispute mediation room, the introduction of psychological repair to resolve disputes, the establishment of a mediation mechanism during the cooling-off period, and the expansion of social participation. Chapter 4th introduces the problems existing in the judicial practice of custody dispute cases in China. Actively exploring. Finding that there are some problems in the legal provisions, such as no child interest agent system, no parent education system, a lack of effective procedures for listening to children's opinions, and inadequate provisions on ex officio investigation evidence system. The problems such as lack of resources of mediators, unprofessional and lack of supervision system of custody dispute adjudication or mediation agreement are expounded. The last chapter mainly puts forward to improve the trial of custody cases in our country. From two aspects: on the one hand, to improve the relevant provisions, Establish the system of children's interest agent, parents' education system, perfect the procedure of hearing the opinions of children and investigate the evidence according to the authority; on the other hand, solve the practical problems and put forward to perfect the system of mediation of disputes in custody cases. The significance of studying the hearing system of guardianship disputes lies in the protection of the greatest special interests of the minor children in the family. We should also design different procedural protection, find problems, solve problems, provide a feasible reference scheme for the specialization, socialization and humanization of custody dispute cases, and at the same time, promote the perfection of judicial procedure in our country from the side.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.9

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