夫妻之间救助义务的界定

发布时间：2018-03-28 10:58

本文选题：扶养义务　切入点：救助义务　出处：《新疆大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：自杀者自杀并不构成违法,但在司法实践中存在着夫妻一方自杀,另一方不予救助而构成不作为故意杀人罪的案例,判决理由是违反了夫妻之间的救助义务。但我国法律并未明确规定夫妻间存在救助义务,仅在婚姻法中规定了夫妻间存在互相扶养的义务。但如果因为没有法律明文规定而对嫌疑人不予处罚,会导致人们对生命的蔑视,有悖于刑法保护人们合法权益的原则。刑法理论学界和司法实践中普遍认为夫妻之间是有救助义务的,但对夫妻之间救助义务的义务来源和标准界定存在较大的分歧与争论,夫妻之间救助义务标准如何界定便成为一个关键。本文从不作为的角度对夫妻救助义务进行研究,并参考国内外不作为犯罪的理论来对救助义务的标准进行界定。本文主要分为四个部分:第一部分是通过国内两个司法案例来引出问题,并论述我国理论界和司法实践中在此的分歧,阐述救助义务和不作为犯罪的联系。第二部分是通过列举国内学者关于救助义务的不同学说来分析各个观点的可取之处和局限,为下文的标准界定打下基础。第三部分是从形式义务和实质义务的角度来分析,将救助义务归于实质义务才能更好的对其进行界定和体现法律的公平。第四部分是从四个角度来对救助义务进行界定,分别是要有存在信赖关系的夫妻共同体关系、被害人处于现实危险、被告人有形式上的作为义务和处于支配地位。
[Abstract]:Dutch act does not constitute the illegal person Dutch act, but there is one of the spouses Dutch act in judicial practice, the other party refuses to aid to constitute a crime of intentional homicide case, judgment reason is a violation of the relief obligations between husband and wife. But our law does not expressly provide the assistance obligation between husband and wife, only in marriage law the existence of mutual obligation between husband and wife. But if there is no law and no punishment against the suspects, will cause people to contempt for life, contrary to the criminal law to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the people. The principle of the theory of criminal law theories and judicial practice generally think that between husband and wife is the duty to rescue, but rescue obligation between husband and wife obligations and standard definition differences and controversy between husband and wife, how to define the standard of the duty of assistance will be a key. Since this is not a point of husband and wife The duty to rescue research and reference at home and abroad as a crime theory to the duty to rescue standards are defined. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part is the two domestic judicial case leads to the problem, and discusses China's theory and practice in this paper the differences, and not as a duty to rescue the second part is the crime. Through the list of domestic scholars on the duty to rescue students said to analysis the merits and limitations of the various viewpoints, the definition is the groundwork of the standard. The third part is to analyze from the form and essence of compulsory obligation angle, will rescue obligations in order to better define the essence of obligation and embodiment the equity of the law on it. The fourth part is from the four aspects of the definition of the duty of assistance, respectively, to have a relationship a couple has trust in the relationship. In real danger, the defendant has a formal duty and a dominant position.

【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.9

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