夫妻分别财产制研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 21:02

本文选题：分别财产制　切入点：立法不足　出处：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：夫妻分别财产制是夫妻财产制的一种，也是现代各国广泛适用的一种财产制形式。在分别财产制下，夫妻婚前及婚后财产仍归各自所有，独立享有使用、处分和收益权，当然也不排斥夫妻协议确定部分财产为共同财产。我国对分别财产制的规定很简略，只在约定财产制中有笼统规定，出现夫妻适用分别财产制无法可依的窘境，相反，国外分别财产制有广泛的适用，也有详尽的法律规定。随着我国社会发展，妇女地位的改善以及妇女经济能力的提升，男女平等的观念已深入人心，男女平等也已成为现实，在这一背景下，共同财产制不能体现妇女独立人格的缺陷日益显现。本文认为，有必要对分别财产制进行研究，通过近些年分别财产制这一制度在国外的发展现状，以及我国社会的现实需要，反思我国的分别财产制立法的缺陷与不足，通过对国外分别财产制的借鉴完善我国的夫妻分别财产制。夫妻分别财产制在古罗马时便有雏形，即具有分别财产制意义的嫁资制，但其直到1935年才在英国正式确立。分别财产制的确立是当时社会发展的必然，对推动男女平等而言极具进步意义。但其同时也存在着对家事劳动无法给予评价的问题，忽视了夫妻的实质平等。对此各分别财产制国家开始引进共同制的因素，对分别财产制进行改进，亦即促进了分别财产制的完善与发展。其中，以瑞士的所得参与制最具代表性，其以分别财产制为基础，吸收共同制因素，形成复合形态，极具进步意义。复合形态下，夫妻独立管理和使用自己财产，夫妻的人格和财产独立得到保障，财产制终结时，又照顾弱势一方利益，配偶双方或其继承人，各得另一方配偶所得财产盈余的一半，兼顾实质平等，对我国很有借鉴意义。我国因婚姻法律制度的不健全和传统家庭观念的影响，对分别财产制存在明显的立法不足。现行《婚姻法》仅规定夫妻可以约定实行分别财产制，但对分别财产制下夫妻的财产权利和义务、夫妻生活费用负担、财产的管理、转化、清算和分割等等一系列财产制应有的内容均无规定。致使夫妻适用分别财产制时无法可依。现阶段，我国妇女经济地位大幅提升，个体财富大量增长，社会对分别财产制的适用有着迫切的需求，无法可依的现状急需改变。笔者认为，我国的分别财产制应当重构，对于分别财产制不仅需要在约定财产制中对其内容做明确规定，更要借鉴瑞士立法经验，，引进分别财产制为基础的复合形态作为我国的法定财产制。因我国的所得共同制存在难以弥补的制度缺陷，极易引起管理权纠纷，又影响交易安全。而瑞士的复合形态符合现代世界法定财产制的发展趋势，又满足夫妻人格独立和平等的要求，在我国也具备可行性。首先，其符合我国法定财产制的发展走向。其次，适应我国妇女经济地位逐步提升和个体对财产权利日益重视的现实。再次，其与所得共同制跨度不大，也易于被我国所接受。借鉴瑞士复合形态，重构后我国分别财产制，其具体内容，应有通则的体系性规定和家事劳动评价的内容。夫妻家庭生活费用的负担、对外的财产责任和财产的清算与分割等内容应坚持国外经验与我国实际相结合，既保证婚姻过程中夫妻财产和人格的独立与平等，又保障财产制终了时夫妻实质平等的实现。笔者力求提出一些建议对我国分别财产制内容的构建贡献自己的一份力。
[Abstract]:Husband and wife property system is a kind of marital property system, a property system is also widely used form in modern countries. In the property system, pre marital and marital property is individually owned, independent use, disposal and the proceeds of the right, of course does not exclude couples is part of the property for the common property. In the provisions of the property system is very simple, only in the agreed property system in general provisions, the opposite situation, marital property system is no legal basis, foreign property system has been widely used, there are legal provisions in detail. With the development of our society, the improvement of women and women's economic ability enhance the concept of gender equality has been firmly established, gender equality has become a reality, in this context, the common property system can not reflect the defects of women's independent personality gradually. This article considers that it is necessary to split Don't study in recent years through the property system, property system status quo in foreign countries of this system, and the reality of our society to reflect our country's property legislation defects respectively and deficiency of our marital property system were improved through the introduction of the property system.
Husband and wife property system in ancient Rome had a prototype, which has the property system significance of the trousseau system, but until 1935 in the United Kingdom formally established. Established property was the inevitable result of social development, to promote equality between men and women is very progressive. But at the same time, there are also unable to give the housework the issue of evaluation, ignoring the essence of equality between husband and wife. In this regard the property system countries began to introduce the factors of system, property system is improved, which promote the development and perfection of the property system. Among them, the Swiss income participation system is the most representative, which is based on the property system, absorption the common factors, forming a composite form, very progressive. Complex form, independent management and use of their property of husband and wife, husband and wife of the independent personality and property protection, property at the end of the system, and take care of the weak It is of great significance to our country that the interests of one party, the two spouses or their successors, each gain half of the surplus of the property of the other spouse, and give consideration to the substantive equality.
In China due to the impact of marriage legal system is not perfect and the traditional concept of family, the separate property system is obvious. The current lack of legislation "marriage law" only provides couples may agree to implement separate property system, but the property rights and obligations of property system of husband and wife, husband and wife living expenses, the transformation of property management., liquidation and division and so on a series of property system should be the content of no provisions could be applicable. In marital property system. At present, the economic status of women in China increased dramatically, individual wealth growth, the society has urgent demand for property system respectively, urgent situation can change.
The author believes that China's property system should be reconstructed, the property system needs not only in the agreed property system of its contents clearly defined, to learn from the Swiss legislation experience, the introduction of complex morphological property system based as China's legal property system. Because of our common income system exist system defects it is difficult to make up, extremely easy to cause the management rights disputes, and affect the security of transactions. And the compound form of Swiss conforms to the development trend of modern world legal property system, and meet the requirements of equality and independence of personality couples, in our country also has feasibility. Firstly, it conforms to the trend of development of our country's legal property system of the second. To adapt to the economic status of Chinese women, and gradually improve the individual property rights to pay more attention to the reality. Thirdly, the common income system and little span, but also easy to be accepted by our country.
Learn from the Swiss composite form, after the reconstruction of our property system, the specific content, system and regulations should general housework evaluation. Couples living expenses, etc. The liquidation and division of foreign property liability and property should adhere to foreign experience combined with China's reality, not only guarantee the marital property in the process of marriage and personality independence and equality, and the protection of property at the end of the couple for the realization of substantive equality. The author tries to set up some suggestions on China's property system contribute to the self.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923.9

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