离婚妇女财产性权益保护研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 14:52

本文选题：离婚妇女 + 财产性权益　；参考：《四川大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 民法的价值理念决定了男女两性应该享有平等的财产权利，而婚姻家庭的功能及特点要求《婚姻法》对女性财产性权益的保护必须打破表面上的平等，而追求“实质平等”，即对离婚妇女的财产权益予以特别保护，从而实现真正的公平。我国现行《婚姻法》对女性财产性权益的保护作出了明显的努力，但事实上离婚妇女财产性权益的保护仍是离婚过程中的一个脆弱环节。而近年来，我国女性权利意识在不断增强，越来越多女性敢于从不幸婚姻中走出来，随着离婚妇女人数的增长，离婚女性这一特殊群体婚后生活水平普遍下降的问题也受到社会越来越多的关注。在这种情况下，对离婚妇女财产性权益保护的研究对于保护妇女权益、改善离婚妇女的生活状况以及实现社会的和谐发展都具有重大的现实意义。本文从对离婚妇女财产性权益保护的原因出发，以妇女在离婚时对共同财产公平分割的权利、在经济困难时的帮助请求权、对生育和家务劳动的补偿请求权和遭受损害的赔偿请求权为主要研究对象，从法律视角和社会性别视角分析现行《婚姻法》对离婚妇女财产性权益保护的现状及其不足，并试图借鉴两大法系关于妇女财产性权益保护的立法经验，结合我国国情，提出完善离婚妇女财产性权益保护制度的一些建议。在我国现有的法律框架下，对离婚妇女财产性权益的保护主要体现在以下几方面：共同财产分割时照顾妇女的原则、对家务劳动的经济补偿制度、对生活困难方的经济帮助制度以及离婚损害赔偿制度。这些制度都有各自的不足和局限性；并各倾向于保护某一方面的利益，难免出现顾此失彼的情形，很难共同发挥对离婚妇女财产性权益的保护作用。基于对国外经验的借鉴和对我国离婚妇女财产性权益具体情况的思考，笔者认为，我国《婚姻法》应该在现有的制度框架下，进一步完善对离婚妇女财产性权益的保护制度。如：赋予妇女对夫妻共同财产的知情权、将人力资本产生的预期利益纳入财产分割的范围，从而确保离婚妇女对夫妻共同财产公平分割的权利；建立离婚保险制度，以弥补我国传统的经济帮助制度的不足；重构对家事劳动的经济补偿制度，以保证主要从事家事劳动的家庭主妇的财产性权益；将第三者作为离婚损害赔偿的责任主体，，从而保护无过错方(主要是女方)的财产性权益。总之，笔者认为我国法律在离婚妇女财产性权益保护的现状与“男女平等享有权利”的理想还存在着距离。应该根据我国的实际情况，吸取别国的先进经验，对离婚妇女财产性权益保护问题进行法学理论和实践的探索，完善法律体系。同时，也不能忽视潜规则与民俗习惯的的作用，从落实女性平等财产性权益的角度来看，应该进行全社会的法制教育普及和文化重建，从而真正有效的保护离婚妇女的财产性权益，从根本上解决离婚妇女所面临的经济窘迫等问题。
[Abstract]:The value concept of civil law determines that men and women should enjoy equal property rights, and the function and characteristics of marriage and family demands that the protection of marriage law should break the surface equality, and pursue "substantive equality", that is, the property rights of divorced women should be specially protected, thus realizing real fairness. The current "marriage law" in China has made obvious efforts to protect the rights and interests of women's property, but in fact, the protection of the property rights and interests of divorced women is still a fragile link in the process of divorce. In recent years, the consciousness of women's rights in our country has been increasing, more and more women have dared to come out of unfortunate marriages, with divorced women. In this case, the study of the protection of the property rights and interests of divorced women has great reality for protecting the rights and interests of women, improving the living conditions of divorced women and realizing the harmonious development of the society. Significance.
Starting from the reasons for the protection of the property rights and interests of divorced women, the rights of women in the fair division of the common property during the divorce, the right to ask for help in economic difficulties, the right to compensate for the compensation for the reproductive and housework and the claim for damages, are the main Research on the image, from the legal and social gender perspectives. The current status and shortcomings of the marriage law on the protection of the property rights and interests of divorced women, and try to draw lessons from the legislative experience of the two legal systems on the protection of women's property rights and interests, and put forward some suggestions to improve the protection system of the property rights and interests of divorced women.
Under the existing legal framework of our country, the protection of the property rights and interests of divorced women is mainly reflected in the following aspects: the principle of taking care of women in the division of common property, the economic compensation system for housework, the economic aid system for the difficult living parties and the system of compensation for the damage of divorce. These systems have their own shortcomings and limitations. It is difficult to give full play to the protection of the property rights and interests of divorced women. Based on the experience of foreign countries and the specific circumstances of the property rights and interests of divorced women in our country, the author believes that the marriage law in China should be in the existing institutional framework. To further improve the protection system for the property rights and interests of divorced women, such as: giving women the right to know about the common property of husband and wife, bringing the expected interests of human capital into the scope of property division, so as to ensure the right of divorced women to split the common property of husband and wife, and establish a divorce insurance system to make up for our tradition. The insufficiency of the economic assistance system; reconstructing the economic compensation system for family work to ensure the property rights and interests of the housewives who are mainly engaged in housework; the third parties are the main responsibility of the compensation for the damages of divorce, thus protecting the property rights and interests of the non fault Party (mainly the woman).
In a word, the author thinks that there is still a distance between the current situation of the protection of the property rights and interests of divorced women and the ideal of "equal rights for men and women". We should take the advanced experience of other countries according to the actual situation of our country and explore the legal theory and practice of the protection of the property rights and interests of divorced women and improve the legal system. At the same time, we can not ignore the role of the latent rules and folk custom. From the perspective of implementing equal rights and interests of women, the universal legal education and cultural reconstruction should be carried out, so that the property rights and interests of divorced women should be effectively protected and the economic embarrassment faced by divorced women should be fundamentally solved.

【学位授予单位】：四川大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D923.9

【引证文献】