相互有继承权的人同一事件死亡继承问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 16:34

本文选题：死亡先后推定 + 继承法　；参考：《西南政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：继承法律制度作为社会制度的重要组成部分，与每个人都息息相关，对维护继承人合法权益、亲属关系、家庭和睦及社会稳定都具有重要意义。它必须反映一国公民在长期的生活中，所形成的财产继承观念和财产继承习惯，才可以被人们自觉的遵守，并有效地调整人们的财产继承行为。相互有继承权的人死亡于同一事件，在不能确定死亡时间时，如何推定死亡先后顺序及解决相应的继承问题，我国继承法对此问题没有作出规定，只有1985年《最高人民法院关于贯彻执行中华人民共和国继承法若干问题的意见》第2条，，作出了原则性的规定。此司法解释与普通百姓的继承习惯存在较大的差异，不易被普通百姓理解和掌握，理论界与司法界存在争议，各地法院的判决也不尽相同，操作性不强。近年来学者较多地关注民法和婚姻法的修改和完善，但是，对继承法尤其是相互有继承权的人同一事件死亡继承问题的研究相对较少，关于该问题的研究只是散见于各类继承法专著中。本文尝试运用比较研究的方法，按照提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的思路，对该问题进行系统论述，在借鉴国外和我国港、澳、台地区立法优越性的基础上，结合实务操作，《保险法》的修改和普通百姓的继承习惯，提出完善我国内地相关规定的建议。本文除引言和结语外，分为以下六个部分：第一部分，问题的提出。由典型案例引出相关法律问题，死亡推定对继承开始的时间、继承人范围、遗产范围等继承问题的影响。第二部分，研究的意义。死亡推定不仅关系到继承人范围、遗产范围等继承问题，还关系到继承人的合法权益、亲属之间的关系、家庭的和睦、社会的稳定及一国继承法律制度是否健全。第三部分，他山之石——国外及我国港、澳、台地区相关立法考察。本文中列举了英国、美国、德国、法国等国家及我国港、澳、台地区的相关立法，其中大多采用同时死亡推定制，并允许晚辈直系血亲代位继承。特别是法国，从最早的按照年龄、性别推定死亡先后顺序修改为推定同时死亡，适应了时代的发展，平等的保护了各继承人的利益，符合继承法的核心功能。第四部分，对我国《保险法》相关立法的考察。新《保险法》第42条第2款，增加了“受益人和被保险人在同一事件中死亡，不能确定死亡先后顺序的，推定受益人死亡在先”。保护被保险人及其继承人的利益，促进保险理赔的速度和效率，同时也减少了继承纠纷，节约了司法资源。第五部分，我国内地民众的相关继承习惯调查及评析。根据陈苇教授2005年，对我国内地民众继承习惯的调查，分析得出在对待死亡推定时，我国内地普通百姓的继承习惯与司法解释的差异很大，他们更倾向于推定同时死亡，彼此之间不发生继承。因为他们更注重公平和亲属关系的远近程度。第六部分，我国内地规定的不足之处及完善建议。不足之处：推定方法有三种：1.根据被继承人有无继承人，推定没有继承人的先死亡；2.都有继承人但辈分不同的，推定长辈先死亡；3.都有继承人但辈分相同的，推定同时死亡，彼此之间不发生继承，其遗产分别由各自的继承人继承。上述推定导致继承程序较为复杂，不利于生存继承人继承权的保护。完善建议：推定为同时死亡，彼此之间不发生继承，由各自的继承人继承，并且允许晚辈直系血亲代位继承。这样规定便于司法操作，符合普通百姓的继承习惯，有利于继承人利益的保护，并可以发挥继承制度谋求对被继承人的近亲属继续扶养以降低他们可能发生的物质生活困境的核心功能。
[Abstract]:The legal system of inheritance, as an important part of the social system, is closely related to everyone, and is of great significance to the maintenance of the legitimate rights and interests of the heirs, kinship, family harmony and social stability. It must reflect the concept of inheritance and inheritance of property in a country's long life. Consciously observe and effectively adjust people's property inheritance.
The person who has the right to inherit each other is dead in the same event. In the time of indetermination of the time of death, how to deduce the order of death and to solve the corresponding inheritance problem, the inheritance law of our country does not stipulate this question. Only in the 1985 < opinions > second of the Supreme People's Court on the implementation of several issues of the inheritance law of the People's Republic of China. The judicial interpretation and the common people's inheritance habits have great differences, it is not easy to be understood and mastered by ordinary people. There are disputes between the theorists and the judiciary. The judgments of the courts in various places are not the same and the operation is not strong.
In recent years, scholars have paid more attention to the revision and improvement of civil law and marriage law. However, there are relatively few studies on the inheritance of inheritance and inheritance rights, especially in the same event, and the research on this issue is only scattered in all kinds of inheritance law monographs.
This article tries to use the method of comparative study to make a systematic discussion on the question, analysis and solution of the problem, on the basis of the advantages of foreign and China's ports, Australia, Taiwan and Taiwan, on the basis of the practical operation, the revision of the insurance law and the common people's inheritance habits, and to improve the relevant regulations of the mainland of China. A definite suggestion.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this article is divided into six parts:
In the first part, the question is raised. The relevant legal issues are derived from a typical case, and the influence of the death presumption on the succession of succession, the scope of the successor, the scope of the inheritance and so on.
The second part is the significance of the study. The presumption of death is not only related to the succession of the successor, the scope of the heritage, but also the legitimate rights and interests of the successors, the relationship between the relatives, the harmony of the family, the stability of the society and the sound of the legal system of the succession of the country.
The third part, Shi Shan Shi - foreign and China's port, Australia, Taiwan area related legislative investigation. This article enumerates the relevant legislation of Britain, the United States, Germany, France and other countries and our port, Australia, Taiwan area, most of which adopt the simultaneous death presumption system, and allow the younger generation of direct consanguinity to inherit. Especially France, from the earliest age, The order of sex presumption of death is modified to the presumption of simultaneous death, which adapts to the development of the times and protects the interests of the heirs equally. It is in line with the core function of the inheritance law.
The fourth part, the investigation of the relevant legislation of the insurance law in China. The new < Insurance Law > forty-second articles and second paragraphs, increasing the death of the beneficiary and the insured in the same event, not determining the order of death, the presumption of the death of the beneficiary first, protecting the interests of the insured and its successors, and promoting the speed and efficiency of the insurance claim. It also reduced the dispute of inheritance and saved the judicial resources.
The fifth part is the investigation and analysis of the related inheritance habits of the Chinese mainland people. According to the investigation of the inheritance habits of the people in the mainland of China by Professor Chen in 2005, it is concluded that there is a great difference between the common people's inheritance habits and the judicial interpretation in the treatment of the death presumption. They are more inclined to presumed at the same time death and not to each other. Inherit, because they pay more attention to fairness and the distance between relatives.
The sixth part, inadequacies and suggestions for improvement in the mainland of China. There are three shortcomings in the presumption method: 1. according to whether the successor has no successor, presumption of the death of no successor; 2. all have successors but different generations, presumed that the elders die first; and 3. have the successors but the same generation, presumption of death at the same time. Each other is presumed to die at the same time. There is no inheritance, and its inheritance is inherited by their own successors. The presumption leads to the complexity of the inheritance procedure, which is not conducive to the protection of the inheritance rights of the subsistence successors. Judicial operation, in line with the common people's inheritance habits, is conducive to the protection of the interests of the successors, and can play the inheritance system to seek the continued support of the close relatives of the successors in order to reduce the core function of their possible material life dilemma.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923.5

【参考文献】