夫妻个人特有财产制度研究

发布时间：2018-08-22 21:21

【摘要】：进入21世纪,我国社会生活发生了根本的变化,家庭财产不仅在数量上、种类上日益繁多,在范围上也突破了传统的有形财产的形式。人们的权利意识和自主意识日益提高,投资理财这种新型的财产方式日益普及。为适应我国社会主义市场经济这种新形势的需要,我国《婚姻法》对夫妻财产制做了重要修改,在《婚姻法》中不仅明文规定了婚姻关系中夫妻个人特有财产的存在,而且采用列举与概括相结合的方式具体规定了夫妻个人特有财产的范围。这既与国际接轨,又符合市场经济条件下价值多元、利益多样的时代特征和个体追求精神、财产独立自主的要求,也是对个人财产所有权的一种尊重,有利于调动个人创造财富的积极性,促进经济的发展,是符合世界立法趋势的、值得肯定的制度。但该法在夫妻个人特有财产的范围确定、夫妻对个人特有财产的权利以及责任等问题的规定上,仍存在着很大的欠缺。《婚姻法》修改至今已有十年,这些年来,随着就业渠道、经营方式和社会财富分配机制多样化的发展,夫妻财产来源更呈现出多样化,财产数量也呈现出不断增大的趋势,与夫妻个人特有财产有关的纠纷日益增多,从而使现行《婚姻法》规定的缺陷逐渐凸现出来,审判实践中大量夫妻个人特有财产案件,纷纷成为了学术界学者们热议的焦点。对于这个问题,笔者在实践中也常常遇到,因此试从范围、权利和义务负担等方面,对此问题进行研究探讨,提出完善的建议。本文包括引言和结语在内,共有七部分。第一章是夫妻个人特有财产制的立法选择及价值取向。介绍了我国夫妻个人特有财产制的立法背景及演进,夫妻个人特有财产制的立法价值取向,保障夫妻个人的独立人格和经济地位,避免引发道德风险,完善法定夫妻财产制,体现其对夫妻共同财产制的补充作用。第二章是对我国夫妻个人特有财产的界定标准与内容范围的分析。首先提出夫妻个人特有财产范围的界定方式,特有财产可以从时间上、主体上、来源上加以界定；其次介绍国外相关立法例与我国现行夫妻个人特有财产的内容；最后提出我国夫妻个人特有财产存在争议的问题,如婚姻关系期间夫妻个人特有财产增值部分的归属、养老保险金等的归属、一方婚前取的知识产权婚后所得收益的归属、婚后取得登记在一方名下的房屋的归属等问题。第三章是夫妻对个人特有财产的权利探讨。夫妻个人特有财产权具体表现为夫妻对个人财产享有所有权和管理权。夫妻对其个人特有财产具有完全的所有权,享有占有、使用、收益、处分和管理的权能。但是婚姻是夫妻共同体,为了适应夫妻共同生活的需要,夫妻对其个人特有财产某些权利的行使要受到限制,或应遵循特殊规则。第四章是关于夫妻个人特有财产的义务负担与责任财产的债务范围的分析。首先介绍并总结了法国和意大利在夫妻个人特有财产责任方面的立法以及两国立法对我国立法的启示。进而对我国现行立法在此方面的有关规定进行详述,总结出我国夫妻个人特有财产承担的债务分为两类,一是夫妻个人债务,二是夫妻共同债务。夫妻共同债务存在两种认定标准,一是“用途论”,二是“时间论”,两者都存在一定的缺陷。笔者认为,可以借鉴法国夫妻债务制度的模式,将“用途论”和“时间论”两种标准区别适用。第五章是关于我国夫妻个人特有财产制的缺陷及完善。通过分析我国现行夫妻特有财产制存在缺陷,提出进一步完善我国夫妻财产制的建议,认为应增设夫妻个人特有财产性质界定的通则性规范,明确夫妻对个人特有财产的权利及限制以及完善夫妻个人特有财产的义务负担与责任财产的债务范围等方面的规定。
[Abstract]:In the 21st century, China's social life has undergone fundamental changes. Family property is not only increasing in quantity and variety, but also breaking through the traditional form of tangible property in scope. In order to meet the needs of the new situation of market economy, the Marriage Law of China has made important amendments to the property system of husband and wife. In the Marriage Law, the existence of the unique property of husband and wife in the marriage relationship is not only explicitly stipulated, but also the scope of the unique property of husband and wife is specified by combining enumeration with generalization. It conforms to the trend of world legislation and deserves affirmation. But the law is a couple's system. It has been ten years since the Marriage Law was amended. In recent years, with the development of diversified employment channels, management methods and social wealth distribution mechanism, the sources of marital property have become more diversified. The number of property is also showing a growing trend, and the disputes related to the couple's unique property are increasing. As a result, the defects of the current Marriage Law have gradually emerged. A large number of couple's unique property cases have become the focus of academic scholars. It is also often encountered, so try to study and discuss this problem from the scope, the burden of rights and obligations, and put forward perfect suggestions.
This article consists of seven parts, including introduction and conclusion.
The first chapter is the legislative choice and value orientation of the unique property system of husband and wife.It introduces the legislative background and evolution of the unique property system of husband and wife in China,the legislative value orientation of the unique property system of husband and wife,the protection of the independent personality and economic status of husband and wife,the avoidance of moral hazard,the perfection of the legal property system of husband and wife,and the embodiment of the value orientation. Supplementary role to the common property system of husband and wife.
The second chapter is the analysis of the definition standard and content scope of the unique property of husband and wife in our country. This paper puts forward some controversial issues concerning the unique property of husband and wife in China, such as the ownership of the value-added part of the unique property of husband and wife during marriage, the ownership of pension and so on, the ownership of the income of intellectual property acquired before marriage and the ownership of the house registered under the name of one party after marriage.
The third chapter is about the couple's right to the individual property.The couple's individual property right is embodied in the couple's right to own and manage the individual property.The couple has complete ownership of the individual property and the rights to possess, use, benefit, dispose and manage it.But the marriage is a couple's community in order to adapt to the husband. In order to meet the needs of a wife's living together, the husband and wife should restrict or abide by special rules in the exercise of certain rights in their peculiar property.
Chapter Four is about the analysis of the obligation burden and the scope of the liabilities of the couple's peculiar property. Firstly, it introduces and summarizes the legislation of France and Italy on the couple's peculiar property liability and the Enlightenment of the two countries'legislation to our country's legislation. It is concluded that there are two kinds of debts for the special property of husband and wife in China, one is the personal debts of husband and wife, the other is the joint debts of husband and wife. The two criteria of "utility theory" and "time theory" apply differently.
The fifth chapter is about the defects and perfection of the unique property system of husband and wife in our country. By analyzing the defects of the current unique property system of husband and wife in our country, this paper puts forward some suggestions for further perfecting the property system of husband and wife in our country, and holds that the general norms should be added to define the nature of the unique property of husband and wife, and the rights and limitations of husband and wife to the unique property of husband and wife should The system and the provisions on the obligation burden and the scope of liabilities of the couple's personal property should be perfected.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D923.9

【参考文献】